, 2000, p. 312). There are several subtypes of schizophrenia including paranoid type, disorganized type, and catatonic type. This paper will be focused on the paranoid type of schizophrenia. This type of schizophrenia meets the following criteria described in the DSM-IV, "preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations, and none of the following is prominent: disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, or flat or inappropriate affect" (American Psychiatric Press Inc., 2000, p. 314). These symptoms have been evident in many people's lives throughout history. .
History of Schizophrenia.
The disorder known now as schizophrenia was first called dementia praecox by Emil Kraeplin in 1896 (Bernheim & Lewine, 1979). He described the disorder as an independent disease with onset at a young age. Dementia praecox was characterized by increasingly poor functioning. These symptoms included reoccurring delusions and hallucinations resulting in a dependent existence. However, the first comprehensive description dates to the beginning of the 18th century (Mueser & Jeste, 2008). Before the DSM was developed, people may have been confused as to what delusions and hallucinations were and why people were suffering from these bizarre thoughts and behaviors. According to Mueser & Jeste (2008), "Limited and inadequate therapeutic opportunities during the first half of the 20th century meant that thousands of patients with schizophrenia were warehoused in huge psychiatric hospitals" (Mueser & Jeste, 2008, p. 3). This is why many people who struggled with psychotic disorders were placed into insane asylums.
The term schizophrenia was introduced at the beginning of the 20th century by Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939), a Swiss psychiatrist and the medical director of a mental hospital in Zurich (Maddux & Winstead, 2012). The term refers to one's lack of emotional stability.