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Victimization and Sexual Harrassment

 


             Although these typologies are important in explaining the different types of perpetrators in general, it is important to look at the different the environments in which sexual harassment is most common in order to understand why women tend to endure the vast majority of victims. Workplace sexual harassment and housing-related sexual harassment both shine light on the reasons why men find sexual harassment as a way to reassert control and express their resentment. .
             Historically, the employment of women has been limited as they have been traditionally shut out of many male dominated occupations. With the increase of women into the labor there are two forms of sexual harassment in the workforce. The U.S Supreme Court has distinguished these as quid pro quo, and hostile work environment. In the hostile work environment, the commentary or attitudes by the coworkers, costumers, or supervisors created an inappropriate gender biased or sexual charged environment that causes discomfort for the victim. In some instances, men resented female employees and saw them as a threat in the work environment. This can be further proven when recent research indicated that women in supervisory positions are more likely to experience workplace sexual harassment. Female supervisors were 137% more likely to be harassed compared to women not in managerial positions (McLaughlin, Uggen, & Blackstone 2009, cited Mallicoat 2012, p.28). In some cases, women were subjected to discrimination and received less valued job roles, lack of promotions, and lower pay.
             On the other hand, quid pro quo, was present when a superior threatened the status of an employee if they didn't agree to engage in sexual conduct. Their purpose was to exploit the presence of women and make sexual favors and submission to sexual behaviors to keep from being fired, demoted, or otherwise adversely affected at work. This was often found in Housing-Related environments too.


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