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Ludwig von Mises

 

Mises showed that, just as the price of any other good was determined by its quantity available and the intensity of consumer demands for that good (based on consumers marginal utility), so the "price- or purchasing power of the money-unit is determined on the market in the very same way. In the case of money, its demand is a demand for holding in one's cash balance. The marginal utility of the money unit determines the intensity of the demand for cash balances. Mises found the interaction between the quantity of money available and the demand for it determines the "price- of the dollar. Mises agreed with the classical "quantity theory- that an increase in the supply of dollars will lead to a fall in its value or "price."" He enormously refined this crude approach and integrated it with general economic analysis. He showed that this movement is scarcely proportional. If there is an increase in the supply of money it will tend to lower its value, but how much or if at all, depends on what happens to the marginal utility of money and the demand of the public to keep its money in cash balances. Mises showed that the "quantity of money- does not increase in a lump sum. The increase begins at one point in the economic system and prices will only rise as the new money spreads in ripples throughout the economy. An increase in the supply of money changes relative prices at least temporarily, and may result in a permanent change in relative incomes as well. These are only a few of the things Mises achieved in his first work, he also showed the role of banking in the supply of money, and showed that free banking, banking free from government control and dictation, would result not in wildly inflationary expansion of money, but in banks that would be forced by demand for payment into a efficient non-inflationary policy of "hard money."" In the Theory of Money and Credit Mises also dealt with the misconstrued Austrian view of marginal utility, social utility, and inflation.


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