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Asthma

 

            Lisa Lambos is a 23 year old female originally from Vietnam.
             at the age of 7 as having asthma following a history of persistent coughing and .
             poor lung expansion. Lisa resides with her parents in a block of high rise flats in.
             an industrial area that is known to have medium-high pollution levels. Her Father is.
             a heavy smoker which aggravates her coughing. In addition Lisa states that her.
             sleep is frequently disturbed and suffers with anxiety over her disease including her.
             job and social life. Lisa also states that she would like to exercise but cannot due to.
             her getting breathless.
             Lisa Lambos presented with signs and symptoms for Ineffective Airway Clearance.
             secondary to her Asthma as evidenced by increased respiratory rate from 12-20 rpm to .
             30 rpm, tachycardia and wheezing and coughing up, productive thick yellow sputum.
             Ineffective Airway Clearance is the state in which an individual's inhalation or .
             exhalation pattern does not enable adequate pulmonary inflation or emptying. .
             (Nursing Diagnosis & Intervention, McFarland and McFarlane, 1997 p. 307). It is .
             also due to tracheobronchial inflammation and increased production of mucus .
             associated with Asthma. Stasis of secretions associated with decreased activity, poor.
             cough effort resulting from fatigue and chest tightness, and impaired ciliary function .
             (results from the increased viscosity and volume of mucus). Elsevier Health (2003).
             Ineffective Airway Clearance in asthma is recurrent and caused by a variety of .
             changes in the airway which include Bronchconstriction which can be allergen-.
             induced resulting from an lgE-dependent release of mediators from the mast cell.
             that include histamine tryptase, leukontrienes, and prostaglandins, (Marshall and.
             Bienenstock 1994), which directly contract airway smooth muscle. Other stimuli, .
             including cigarette smoke, pollution, and irritants, can cause airflow obstruction. .
             The mechanisms regulating the airway response appears related to underlying airway .


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