4). .
The Lilliputian Empress represents Queen Anne, who blocked Swift's advancement in the Church of England. This was due to the fact that she took offence at some of Swift's earlier, signed satires. Swift here is using the allegorical characters of the Lilliputian Monarchy, to criticise England's own monarchy and the way that the country was being run at the time. .
Similarly there are two political parties in Lilliput called the "Tramecksan" and "Slamecksan". These parties correspond to the Tories and the Whigs, the two major British political parties at that time. Lilliput's potent enemy abroad is the island of "Blefuscu" which represents England's enemy France. All of Part One of Gulliver's Travels is an allegorical account of British politics during the turbulent early eighteenth century. The main political parties of the time, the Tories and the Whigs, competed with each other bitterly this is represented in Gulliver's Travels as Lilliput's rowing political parties "for above seventy moons past there have two struggling parties in this Empire under the names of Tramecksan and Slamecksan" (1.4). .
The satire is straightforward in its mockery as it mocks the petty irrelevancies and ceremonial absurdities, which cloud the real issues and responsibilities of government. This conversion of Lilliput into England shows clearly that Swift intended his story to be a political allegory. .
The first three books of Gulliver's Travels gives the reader the image of a world of unreason "the absurd pride and meanness of Man's spirit-not individual men, but man, in the mass is attacked." The final book, Book Four gives the comment on the world. It is the Fourth book which has shocked Swift's readers most, with the contrast between the race of Yahoo and the race of Houyhnhnm. For many this representation of race is where his main thesis behind his novel lies. Gulliver occupies a position between the two races; he is part beast, part reason.