As a qualitatively important part of this human capital mass is reduced, there is less impact of future learning as firm-specific knowledge, which could be combined with emergent information to create new capabilities disappears. (Majumdar, 1999).
Organizational change theory.
The organizational change theory focuses on the difference in form, quality or state over.
time in an organizational entity. The process of change implies necessary uncertainty for those involved, managers and employees, which further means that, in the approach to change, intrinsic resistance to changes needs to be broken before the new situation arises, and can function effectively.
Change does not happen by itself and the change process cannot be left to itself. The variables are complex and the change process needs to be managed. (Keuning, 1998).
Downsizing and layoffs introduce many different changes in an organization including change in how comfortable and secure each individual feels within the organization. Change effects us all in different ways but the reality is that dealing with change is a complex and stressful process. (Tosi, Mero, Rizzo, 2001).
During any change, members of an organization have:.
Different ways of regarding change.
Different amounts of experience and practice in change management. .
Different ways of reacting to change. .
Different amounts of change occurring in other areas of their lives.
Different amounts of impact from the current changes and stress producing situations.
Different amounts and types of support from spouses, significant other, children, friends, supervisor, and co-workers. .
All of these and other issues influence the ability of each individual to manage work place change, to continue to function productively at work. It is important to recognize that people may not be capable of performing exactly as they have in the past during times of intense change. (Heathfield).
Typically, there are strong resistances to change.
AT&T may face lost revenues or increased costs due to its downsizing. ... "Sometimes downsizing is a management tool. ... We won't mention the other costs of downsizing. ... Most companies just announce downsizing, they never tell you why they are downsizing. ... Downsizing should be planned carefully. ...
Overview of Corporate DownsOverview of Corporate Downsizing Corporate downsizing has been the forerunner to the loss of millions of jobs. ... Alternatives to Downsizing When organizations are faced with the issue of cutting costs, many first reactions are to cut labor, which usually results in downsizing. ... Companies may decide to outsource some of its work if the company feels that another company can perform the work better or if the other company can perform the work at a lower cost. ... By retraining its current employees, there is a greater chance for job enrichment and satisfac...
Sin and its Effects on Dimmesdale and Hester Imagine going through your life carrying only a deep, dark secret with you. In the novel The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne brings you into the live of four diverse characters that go through the ups and downs with keeping a huge sin within them. ... Dimmesdale, later turning out to be the father of Pearl, the product of Hester's sin, is now starting to feel the aspects and effects of the sin that he has committed. ...
While most kids her age were dealing with the magnetic personality of Paul McCartney, Dolores was fighting with the effects of divorce, rape, and mental illness. ... The most important aspect of Dolores is that she is totally human - her life has had its ups and downs. ...
It is necessary for the people of this country to realize that what has happened in the past effects how we live today. ... People can say that they love their country, but those who know its history, know why they love their country. ... Understanding American History makes a person know what happened in the past effects how we live today, we take advantage of what has happened in the past, and we must realize how privileged we are to live with what we have. ... In its existence, America has had its ups and downs. ... I have a brief understanding of the history of America, but I am alwa...
Five years after creating LSD-25 Hofmann ingested a small amount, unaware of it's psychotropic effects, and opened up a new world. ... The effects of LSD vary depending on the concentration of the substance. LSD causes its effects by disrupting the interaction of nerve cells and the neurotransmitter serotonin. ... Though "trips- usually consist of both "ups- and "downs-, each individual trip is unique in the fact that it cannot be predicted. ... Long-term side effects have been reported, though not positively linked to LSD use. ...
One example is world war II, which started in the middle of Europe- -considered then the most civilized part of the world- because of Germany's belief in its national superiority. ... Besides its economic ups and downs globalization has a tremendous effect on cultural values. ... Every nation every country has its own traditions values practices of cultural activities. ... By the beginning 20th century with the effects of industrialization and common usage of communication devices and transpotation becoming faster and more comfortable economy started to play the most important role in a s...
For example, both the letter and the recorded history shares a similar good called textile that was largely produced during the early 1800's, but the recorded history only talked about the development of the technology and the product and never spoke about the people, where as the letter gives a detailed description of the effects people had while working in the factories. ... Personalized detail effects what happens to one person for working for long hours in a factory. ... This message is that the capital system has its ups and downs. For example, the ups are people working and earnin...
As a part of this distinct clinical syndrome there are significant risk factors associated with cardiovascular decreases, lipid metabolism slow downs, bone density loss, dehydration, impaired physical performance, insomnia and poor sleep patterns, skin thinning, reduced healing, chronic lung disorders, decreased thymus gland function, vital organ shrinkage, and even depression. ... The new synthetic growth hormone (GH) has shown not to increase risk for CJD but has continued to be investigated for its potential to increase many forms of cancer despite its fad-like increasing popularity. ...