However, as more people enter into the market, competition grows even steeper causing individuals to "find better ways of doing things" resulting in "new technologies that further the growth process" (Colander 45).
Adam Smith.
In the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith employs his theory of the division of labor; a task that has many different components can be divided and separated. Therefore, a job that would normally take one person to complete can be done more thoroughly if the work is divided among 5 or 10 people. This results from these 3 facts: each worker becomes increasingly dexterous in his specific task as time progresses, time is saved because the worker is not changing from one task to another, and as workers concentrate on one simple task they are more apt to develop machines that will make their job easier or do it for them (Smith 15). .
Through Smith's division of labor mass production of goods became possible and accumulation of wealth ensued. However, "Smith did not approve of accumulation for accumulation's sake" (Heilbroner1 64). Money should be reinvested into the production process so even more products can be made and profit accumulated. However, as production grows so must the work force. An increase in the demand for workers pushed wages up; as wages rose the poor had more money, causing the infant mortality rate to decrease. This increased work force population, thus decreasing wages (Heilbroner1 65). Thus, in the very long run, "a growing population would push wages back to their "natural" level." Eventually the growth of society would halt and "the laborer would return to his subsistence wages, the capitalist to modest profits of a stable market, and the landlord alone might enjoy a somewhat higher income as food production remained at the levels required by a larger, although no longer growing, population" (Heilbroner1 67).
Smith was a promoter of national liberty and wanted to promote the wealth of the entire nation in his Society of National Liberty.