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Aeration Function

 

            
             Respiration: The mov't of gases to provide E (O2) & eliminate waste products (CO2).
            
             Ventilation - mov't of O2 in & CO2 out of the alveoli.
             2. Ex∆ of gases across the alv - cap membrane (O2 to pul cap & CO2 t o alv).
             3. Transport of gases in the blood.
             4. Ex∆ of gases at the tissue level.
             Alv are considered gas ex∆ areas & everything above the alv are ventilated only.
             Pul artery carried de O2 blood back to the cap which encloses the alv & hbg becomes O2, the pul vein carries O2 Hgb to the L.A. & then pumps it out to the rest of the body.
             Lymph sys is imp with ARDS B/c it cleans up excess debris & fluid in the interstitial spaces. .
             CHF there is a back up of blood & fluid into the pul vein ↑P in the pulvein so fluid travels into interstitial spaces, usually the lymph system carries it away, but it becomes too much, seeping into alv causing pul edema.
             Tidal Volume:.
             VT =amt of air exhaled after a N inhal N= 7-9 cc/kg.
             Ie. 70 kg man (7-9 cc/kg ) = 490-630 cc .
             This calc N tidal vol, but problems arise when vent is obs, pt must ↑RR to move same vol = min vent.
             Minute Ventilation: .
             VE= Total vol of air that vent lungs in 1 min N = 5000-10000cc/min or 5-10 L/min.
             Ie. VE= VT(RR) VT= 500 RR=15 VE =500x15= 7500 7.5 L/min.
             ∆in total vol impacts pt more than ∆ in RR.
             1. MECHANICAL PROCESS:.
             A). Muscles of ventilation: Diaphragm - flattens & pulls down on inhal.
             Ext intercoastals: pull ribs out & up .
             Inhal is an active process req E / WOB.
             Accessory muscles: SCM, scalene assist with forced inhal.
             Expiration= N passive process not req E. If using abd & internal intercostals = E & WOB for forced exhale.
             B). LUNG THORAX R/L:.
             Plural layer surrounds lungs, it has 2 layers, Parietal plura attaches lung to chest wall & diaphragm at main stem bronci it folds & becomes viseral plura layer. The 2 layers pull bk on eachother & make the intraplural space.
             As we breath in the ribs go out & diaphragm down & pulls parietal layer out & visceral layer with it & visceral layer pulls lung out to allow inhal & air filling.


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