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Black Holes

 

The only exception is if the golf ball is traveling at a speed great enough to not be effected by the curve of the sheet. This critical speed is called an escape velocity. A body's escape velocity is the speed at which it must travel to break out of a body's gravitational force. Mathematically escape velocity can be expressed as the square root of its mass, divided by its radius. Given that a black hole's size is always decreasing and its weight is always unchanged, its escape velocity is infinite. Basically this means that nothing can escape a black hole's gravitational pull, not even light. Light is made up of waves and particles. It was discovered, in 1676, by Danish astronomer, Ole Christenson, that light travels at a very high, but finite speed (Hawking, 18). These properties provide evidence that light must be subjected to forces of nature, such as gravity. Light travels at three hundred million meters per second and it is not observably affected by gravity under ordinary conditions. A black hole's gravity is powerful enough to trap light because it's escape velocity, being infinite, exceeds the speed of light (Hawking, 82). This is why a black hole's are black. The light inside a black hole still hits objects, but it is unable to reflect off to show their existence to an observer. Therefore the black hole is seen as a void in space.
             Black holes have a pertinent effect on time. According to Einstein's "General Theory of Relativity", time is not a constant (Hawking, 86). It has been proven that time moves slower at higher speeds (Hawking, 86). This was proven experimentally in 1972 by using two synchronized atomic clocks, one placed in a jet and flown around the Earth at three times the speed of sound, while the other was left stationary, on the ground (Hawking, 22). The two clocks displayed different times, with the one in the jet having an earlier time. This shocking discovery allows us to now think of time as being volatile, like the air we breathe or the ground we walk on.


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