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Dryer

 

Dryers can be direct, indirect, or radiant-heat and continuous or batch wise. In the drying experiment that will be conducted in this laboratory, a direct adiabatic batch dryer is used to remove water from the desiccant. A comparison of kitty litter and some other desiccant will be conducted and optimal drying conditions for each will be determined. Hot air will be used as the regeneration medium. .
             IV. Experimental Design.
             Preliminary Analysis of Problem.
             The purpose of this laboratory experiment is to determine which of two available desiccants is more quickly and efficiently regenerated. The optimum conditions of regeneration will also be found. Once these conditions are determined, the better desiccant will be used to model a scale-up in which 12 tons/day of desiccant will be dried on a continuous belt dryer that is 4 feet wide and 50 feet long. .
             In order to analyze this procedure, the theory of solid drying must be understood. Solid drying involves two underlying processes:.
             1. Heat transfer: As heat is introduced to the system, water at the surface will begin to evaporate. The temperature difference between the hot air and the saturated desiccant provides the driving force for this evaporation to occur. The relevant equation for heat transfer by convection is Fourier's Law:.
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             2. Mass transfer: The liquid within the desiccant will diffuse to the surface from where it will diffuse into the hot air as a vapor. The relevant equation for mass transfer is Fick's Law:.
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             The rate of drying is determined by the different influences that direct these two basic processes. These influences can be divided into internal flow mechanisms within the adsorbent and the external conditions of the hot air. The internal flow mechanisms include diffusion, capillary flow, pressure gradients, and vaporization-condensation sequences. Although an understanding of these mechanisms is important, the more relevant influences are those of the external conditions of the hot air.


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