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How Pictorial Representations Played a Role in the Constitut


            In the 19th century, America had established itself as country with a violent, though brief, past. It was in the midst of developing for itself a sort of Euro-centric national identity that justified the exploitation of any other groups. One way of doing this was through art. .
             Native Americans on their "home base" and large in number were seen as threatening to the colonists who marginalized them with art that portrayed them as dying "noble savages" on the verge of extinction. African Americans, necessary to American economic culture before the Civil War were depicted as part of the family, childlike and lovable, primitive and intellectually inferior, and therefore in need of domestication. On this basis, slavery was excused as necessary and helpful. These stereotypical distortions played an integral part in defining American culture, but these gross inequities also provoked some artists to challenge these myths.
             Abolitionists funded Robert Scott Duncanson, to paint in 1853, Uncle Tom and Little Eva, that was considered by many African Americans to be a patronizing insult to their intellectual capacity. The painting, modeled after Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-racist book, reads like a Dutch narrative with its lush arboretum and red sunset in the background. The central figures are the angelic golden-haired female white child, Eva and her Black male servant, Uncle Tom. Eva stands in the foreground with her right arm raised toward heaven and holds the seated Uncle Tom's hand with her left hand. The light shines on her from above like a messianic figures from a European narrative. She appears to be guiding Uncle Tom toward the divine. .
             Anger over the Uncle Tom approach to freedom from slavery caused a series of rebellions. There was a general concern that a massive slave uprising could occur that would threaten the upper classes in general, particularly after the Harper's Ferry revolt that convinced many southerners the abolitionists were arming the southern slaves.


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