Original Colonial African American women were all captives from Africa. They had suffered rape, starvation and other abuse by their European captors on the voyage to the New World, and this continued after they were "indentured" or sold to colonists. .
African American women had no say in who they were "mated" with. Owners often ordered matings much as with livestock, because he thought the cross would be good. Marriage ceremonies were sometimes performed between African American men and women according to their customs and beliefs, but the slaveholder did not often recognize such marriages. Spouses, as well as children, were commonly sold off and never seen or heard from again.
English Common Law was patrilineal (titles, property, and rights were held by males), but the colonies adopted a matrilineal position with African Americans. African American children share the status of their mother. In other words, if the mother was a free woman of color, then her children would be free, but if a slave, her children would be slaves, owned by the same person that owned their mother.
Their owner decided occupations of enslaved African American women. They could be assigned to work in the house, shop or in the fields. There not much gender role designation - if assigned to the fields, the women would do the "lighter" job of hoeing, while the men plowed. Often hired out to others in the community, the slave owner retained any earnings they made.
Except in a few northern colonies, education for blacks had been banned since the early 1700s. Most slave owners thought that education led to rebellion. Slaves who were lucky enough to have been taught the basics of reading and writing before the ban on education continued to teach their children and others in secret. Oral storytelling was used to keep African American traditions alive.
Pregnancy and childbirth was a happy occasion for the European American woman, with family close by and extra cosseting, but the African American woman received no extra care or nutrition.