Arkansas enrolled the first black students, nine .
in all. It took two weeks into the school year .
and the sending of the National Guard by .
Eisenhower to enable the students to successfully .
enter the school. The city bus strike led by .
Martin Luther King, Jr., after Rosa Parks was .
arrested for refusing to move to the back of the .
bus, occurred in 1955. These important racial .
decisions led to the Civil Rights Movement.
Economically and socially, America was better .
than it had been in years. The economy was .
booming, unemployment rate dropped to 5% or less .
for the decade. This was much lower than the 15-.
25% unemployment rate that had occurred five to .
ten years before, during the Great Depression. .
Government spending, which had ended .
the Great Depression in the 1940s, .
continued to stimulate growth through.
public funding of schools, housing, .
veterans" benefits, welfare, and the .
$100 billion interstate highway .
program which began in 1965 .
(Brinkley 800).
.
One of the most important events that took .
place during Eisenhower's eight years was the .
Federal Highway Act of 1956. "This landmark bill .
provided construction of 41,000 miles of freeways .
to be built over a ten year period at the cost of .
$26 billion" (Wright 736). The highways not only .
would stimulate the economies by boosting the .
purchase of cars, gas, and tires, they also help .
aid the movement from cities to the suburbs that .
were starting to expand. The highways were to .
connect cities with a population of 50, 000 or .
more people. The government decided that a way to .
help generate resources for this program was to .
raise the Federal Gasoline Tax from three cents .
to four cents a gallon. This Highway Act aided in .
the migration to the West. .
.
The Highway Act did indeed boost car sales, .
and new homes were in high demand. William J. .
Levitt, of New York, answered the demand for .
new houses.