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Transnational Mobility and National Identities


            Although fundamental social relations appear in these times to be increasingly deterritorialised, one notes, to the contrary, trends toward the revalorisation of regional and local identities. It is still necessary to distinguish the differences in mobility between those that have the capacity and initiative before the processes of transnationalisation (executives of large firms, operators/brokers of financial capital, politicians from the core states, administrators of international organisations), from those that suffer (migrants, refugees, displaced native populations, "technologically unemployed", etc.). .
             Such circumstances place asymmetrical relations on the international horizon, on the internal plane of nations, old and new forms of oppression are reproduced, those of a class, gender and racial nature.
             It is necessary to emphasise, in the case of the recent transformation in the Latin America class structure, the ascendancy of transnational capitalists and their associated entourage (Petras 1992), that are at the top of a new pattern of accumulation, controlled by national investors, speculators, traders, and exporters linked to international banks, markets, and finance. According to these authors, the ascendancy of the Latin American transnational capitalists and the politicians who shape economic strategies to fit their needs are the main factor generating socio-economic crises in the region. .
             This set of tendencies determined the forms of the socio-political space in Brazil in the 1980s within which the strategic actors operated. These parameters marked opportunities, challenges and tasks to be confronted. .
             These were tasks for a qualified political leadership, which was responsible and capable of functioning. This was the right situation and moment for a necessary intervention of citizenship, of public opinion and social movements. To what degree were one or another of them up to their responsibilities and representativity? What institutionality resulted from their social and political practices? What new political values were developed or consolidated? Which others remained embedded in the system? What were their contents and qualities?.


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