Disciplinary action will not be taken pending the outcome of the appeal. At the appeal the employee may be accompanied by a staff representative. The outcome of the appeal will be notified to the employee in writing and if it is decided to take disciplinary action it will be implemented at this stage.".
Thus in the short period between the initial hearing and the employee's appeal there was not to be any disciplinary action taken against her. So, the key question now becomes: does the employee's administrative leave constitute disciplinary action? .
.
In answering this the distinction between a holding suspension and a punitive suspension is important. Barr J. outlines this distinction in Quirke v Bord Luthchleas na hEireann as follows: .
"[S]uspension may take two different forms. On the one hand, it may be imposed as a holding operation pending the investigation of a complaint. Such a suspension does not imply that there has been a finding of any misbehaviour or breach of rules by the suspended person, but merely that an allegation of some such impropriety or misconduct has been made against the member in question. On the other hand, the suspension may be imposed not as a holding operation pending the outcome of an inquiry, but as a penalty by way on punishment of a member who has been found guilty of misconduct or breach of rules. The importance of the distinction is that where a suspension is imposed by way of punishment, it follows that the body in question has found it's guilty of significant misconduct or breach of rules.".
Ms. Wallace's administrative leave clearly falls under the category of holding suspension, as opposed to a punitive suspension for disciplinary purposes. In case law following on from Quirke, the distinction has been accepted and injunctions have not been granted in relation to holding suspensions.
The Irish continued to immigrate to the New World. In late August 1845, a potato famine struck Ireland. ... The Irish were labeled lazy and unreliable and had many problems finding jobs, often finding themselves competing with slaves for employment. ... Some lucky Irish were able to find sources of income. ... Many times, the Irish that had jobs were exploited as hired men. ...
The Irish Immigration to America The largest group ever to immigrate to the United States was the Irish. ... The British encouraged the people of Northern Ireland (Ulster) who were called Scotch-Irish to create a Presbyterian presence in a Catholic Ireland. ... Add periodic crop failures that hurt the Irish whose major form of employment was mostly farming and it was also their only source of food. ... Whatever crops the Irish could produce went directly to the British leaving the Irish hungry and poor. ... They were forced to live with other people from their...
The Fair Employment Commission was putting them into the workplace. ... Certain novelty items and Irish wool gain Chuckie some big money, largely because of the attraction by Americans for Irish goods. This slightly displays the interest from other economies in Irish goods which helps to propel the Irish economy forward. ... Without Northern Ireland being able to be at peace within itself there would be no way that a united Ireland would work. Established peace and unity within Northern Ireland for a long standing time might enable a further development of a united Ireland. ...
Gloomily, conditions got worse for the Irish people. ... Bound for America, leaving home in the hope that the New World would offer them some promise in the way of employment and stability. ... All major cities had their "Irish Town" or "Shanty Town" where the Irish clung together. The Irish were not wanted in America. Ads for employment often were followed by "NO IRISH NEED APPLY." ...
O"Connor, The Boston Irish, p. xix The way in which the Irish transformed Boston is perhaps the most remarkable story of immigration changing America. ... However, following the Famine in Ireland, an unprecedented flood of starving Irish arrived in New England seeking opportunity, political freedom, religious toleration, but above all, a meal. ... Yet, the Irish were aggressive and determined to share in the American dream. ... Following the Famine, the Irish population in Boston exploded. ... One factor that would eventually draw the Irish to the political realm of Boston lay in the tr...
Indeed, the title suggests that Ireland has not managed to get taxation quite right! ... It will put into perspective the levels of taxes the actors in the Irish system pay. ... From 2007 to 2011 the level of employment fell from 2.14 million to 1.84 million in Ireland which is a massive decrease, the effect of this is that the income tax take is sought from fewer people, which in turn, has increased the tax burden on those individuals. ... (Debunking the Irish Tax System, 2014) Under-Taxed Corporations pay very little tax on profits in Ireland. ... Badly-Taxed Since the demise of the celti...
Life for the Irish women crossing the Atlantic in search of better means of living was treacherous to say the least. ... Due to the prolific employment opportunities afforded to female Irish immigrants by the swift uprising of industrialization in the United States, Irish women became financially self-reliant and independent resulting in many of them taking on more "male-like" roles in their households such as being the primary "bread-winners". ... "Because they [the Irish] adhered to a tradition whereby women functioned apart from men, they [Irish women] could take ad...
