Also, the expansionist nature of chauvinistic nationalism can be seen with the "scramble for Africa." Further, traditional German nationalism exhibits marked chauvinism. .
After unification in 1871, German nationalism developed a chauvinistic character with the emergence of groups such as the Pan-German league, which campaigned for closer ties with German speaking Austria and for a German empire, Germany's "place in the sun." Pan-Germanism was expansionist and aggressive due to how it envisaged the creation of a German dominated Europe and the way in which it was done. German chauvinism found its highest expression in the racialist and anti-semitic doctrines developed by the Nazis. .
However, one strand of nationalism that is not inherently aggressive and expansionist is conservative nationalism. Conservative nationalism develops in established nation states as opposed to taking over territory, and can therefore neither be inherently expansionist. For conservatives society is organic; they believe that nations emerge naturally from the desire of human beings to live with others who possess the same views and habits as themselves. Human beings are thought to be limited and imperfect creatures, who seek meaning and security within the national community. So, the core goal of conservative Nationalism is to maintain national unity by fostering patriotic loyalty and "pride in one's country." .
Even though conservative nationalism does not advocate expansionism, conservatives such as Disraeli and Bismarck had an imperialistic foreign policy. More so, conservative nationalism does appear more often than not to cause conflict within the nation state, and thus is a reason for why it could perhaps be aggressive. This is mainly due to how the nations feel as though their identity is under threat because of issues such as immigration and supraNationalism, which is the ability of bodies with global jurisdictions to impose their will on nation states.
