Critically discuss the different ways sex differences in intelligence are influenced by biological and environmental factors.
Response.
The sex differences in intelligence between men and women have been argued by many researchers over the past decades. However, there is not much substantial evidence to support many of the theories concerning sex differences in intelligence. The results that demonstrate male superiority in some aspects of intelligence cannot be considered to be significant as most of the scores proving to be in favour of the "strongest sex" range from small to medium, effect the size of the difference (Maccoby & Jacklin, 1974). This essay will consider some of the biological and environmental factors that may affect sex differences in both sexes based on previous research. Theories in this area range from evolutionary, differences in the brain size, high testosterone levels in males to socioeconomic environmental factors that may have some effect on the sex differences in intelligence. .
Further research in this area is necessary to accurately determine to what extent biological and environmental factors influence sex differences although no results of large effect size of difference have been found so far. The only results that demonstrate some significance (medium size) and are in favour of men are those concerning spatial abilities but do not necessarily represent general intelligence. Knowing the right reasons that cause these differences in some aspects of intelligence could provide grounds for development of new techniques and stimuli that may help improve some abilities and promote general intelligence among both sexes.
During the past hundred years, researchers who investigated sex differences on general intelligence between men and women found insignificant results (Terman, 1916; Spearman, 1927; Court, 1983). However, Irwing & Lynn (2005) argued that the results of previous researches had not been analysed using meta – analyses technique (working out size of statistical findings of a large number of studies).
Visual/Spatial Intelligence. ... Students belonging to this group of intelligence perceive the environment in a visual manner. ... Intrapersonal Intelligence. ... Naturalist Intelligence. ... They enjoy outdoors, field trips and sciences dealing with biology, zoology, botany, physics and chemistry. ...
The software, the programs that run the computer, needs to interact more easily with its environment and its human users. ... DEFINITION What is Artificial Intelligence? Well Artificial Intelligence is an area of Computer Science, Physiology, Philosophy, Mathematics, Biology or Engineering and even History. ... In order to classify machines as "thinking", it is necessary to define intelligence. ... What is intelligence? ...
Two sides of the issue exist in terms of cultural expectation for development of intelligence. ... The last few words--"in a standard environment"--are very important, because what scientists are not saying is that a given allele will not necessarily lead to that trait in every environment. ... For example, talent and intelligence, both appear extraordinarily malleable. ... Bibliography Bibliography Bettelheim, Adriel (1998, April 3) Biology and behavior., CQ Researcher, v8 n13, pp. 291(18). ... McGue, Matt (1989, August 17) Nature-nurture and intelligence., Nature, v340 n6234, pp. 507(2). ...
Some social scientists and theorists argue in behalf of the effect of the environment in which a child is raised as the primary influence. ... Two sides of the issue exist in terms of cultural expectation for development of intelligence. ... It allows the alcoholic, for example, to act as a helpless victim of biology rather than as a willful agent with independent behavioral control. ... The last few words--"in a standard environment"--are very important, because what scientists are not saying is that a given allele will not necessarily lead to that trait in every environment. ... For example,...
Technically speaking, the term Virtual Reality is commonly used to refer to systems that offer users visual, auditory and tactile information about an environment which exists as data in a computer system rather than as physical objects or location (Heim 1993. ... Question 1b: Artificial intelligence: What role does the development of artificial intelligence play in the current production of culture? ... It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but Artificial Intelligence does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observ...
The organization is the process by which intelligence as a whole relates internally with parts and these, in turn, called 'schemes' so are blended by reciprocal assimilation. ... Adaptation is the state of balance between assimilation and accommodation, it means, between the adequacy of the environment to the individual, and the adequacy of the individual to the environment, respectively influence. ... It is a concept of biology. ... Therefore, in Piaget's theory never ceases to emphasize the adaptive nature of intelligence. ... As Piaget describes the development of intelligenc...
My brother just decided to get a biology bachelors degree instead and do lab work supervising instead of going to medical school. ... Intelligence can be measured by an IQ test such as the WISC test, which measures intelligence on verbal and performance levels (1). ... The fact that a person knows a lot about lets say math, biology, psychology and other academic subjects is irrelevant if one cannot convey them properly. ... The environment that I was raised in is one that holds education in high regards. ... It is very hard to increase in fluid intelligence but it is easier to increase in crys...
That's difficult to say because this describes the nature-nurture issue in development (biology [nature] & environment [nurture]). This second theme is virtually all the aspects of development to be determined by the combined forces of heredity and environment. However, scientists wanted to say that intelligence was due to heredity or that personality was due to experience. But neither can be the cause to development, instead research wants to understand how heredity and environment combined would determine a child's development. ...
You don't need labs and federal funding, just a bit of intelligence, some motivation, and an open mind" (http://www.ship.edu). ... Humans have more intelligence, and linguistic ability than any other species. ... This is the naturally occurring manipulation of biology and environment. ... It allows for the comparison of environment and biology directly (http://www.alleydog.com). ... First that twin pairs can be accurately identified as MZ or DZ twins and secondly that MZ and DZ twins have equally similar environments. ...
