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The Neurovascular Disease and Stroke


            
             Stroke is a neurovascular disease that occurs when the blood flow to a region of the brain is cut off. When deprived of oxygen, the brain cells begin to die. Depending on where in the brain this happens different abilities that are controlled by that area are affected such as memory and motor control. Based on the severity of the stroke the lasting effects could be anywhere from temporary weakness of a limb to being permanently paralyzed or lose of the ability to speak. Some of those affected by stroke recover fully but more that 2/3 of victims will be disabled in some way. There are two different types of stroke, hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. Of the two types of stroke hemorrhagic is much less common, accounting for a mere 15 of strokes, but is much more deadly as it is responsible for 40 percent of all stroke related fatalities. The two types of hemorrhagic stroke are Intracerebral and subarachnoid. .
             Intracerebral is the more common of the two and occurs when a blood vessel inside the brain bursts and causes blood to leak into surrounding brain tissues causing brain cells to die and the affected are to stop working. Subarachnoid hemorrhages involve a bleed between the brain and the tissue covering the brain, in the space known as subarachnoid space, and is most often caused by a burst aneurism. The second of the two major types of stroke is called ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke is vastly more common than hemorrhagic stroke and is caused by a blot clot blocking blood flow to the brain. The primary risk factor of ischemic stroke is high blood pressure. There are two types of ischemic stroke known as embolic and thrombotic stroke. An embolic stroke is caused when a blood clot, typically formed in another region of the body, travels to the brain and lodges there blocking the blood vessel. Thrombotic strokes are commonly linked to high cholesterol and high blood pressure and are caused by clots forming inside arteries within the brain very rapidly.


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