When participants were asked to freely recall words, the non-appearing critical lure word was recurrently falsely recalled more frequently than non-appearing, semantically unrelated words (Gallo, Roberts, & Seamon, 1997).
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Roediger and McDermott (1995, as citated by (Ambach, Baioui, Walter, & Vaitl, 2012) also replicated this study to observe false recall and recognition with six word lists that obtained the most invasive results in Deese's (1959) study. A remarkably significant result emerged from this study as the participants recalled the nonpresented critical word in 40% of all trials. This was then supported in their second experiment where a false recall rate of 55% was found with a more extensive group of lists, which unveiled a significant misapprehension in memory (Roediger III & McDermott, 1995).
Further research in this area is needed and is valuable for the reason that given false memories can indeed be induced, then psychological therapeutic practices may unintentionally establish false memories in their clientele which could mean that 'solutions', through 'reinstating' lost memories could in fact be false and rather just an inception of false memories. In this case, recognition of this fault may lead to better treatment in mental health care (MacLeod & Kampe, 1996).
Therefore, this study aims to distinguish between memories; false and true. False memories therefore should be able to be tested for reliability through non-appearance and real memories tested through presence. The method used will be replicated from the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Participants will be presented with six word lists, in six randomised trials, consisting of semantically related words and then asked to recall words from a list of words containing seven original words, eight semantically unrelated words and one critical lure word. (Please see appendix B).
From past research we can hypothesise that (a) the variance in recall percentage between original words and critical lure words will be insignificant, as it is expected that the participant is likely to recall the critical lure word.
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