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America - Discovery and Colonization (1497-1650)


             These three items helped nourish a world wide population explosion--Something like a five fold increase between 1630 and 1950.
             The plant given to the Europeans by the Indians now make up about one third of the Worlds food crop.
             What the Indians got in return were diseases like the measles, typhus and small pox. and these disease decimated whole Indian communities.
             Discovery of North America.
             --John Cabot, sponsored by Henry VII was the fist to sight North America in 1497. This provided the foundation for later English claims to all the N. American continent.
             --But internal divisions and conflicts prevented the British from following up on Cabot's discovery for several decades.
             British Colonization.
             Factors involved:.
             1. The rejection of papal authority by Henry the VII.
             --Henry wanted to divorce his wife who was barren and marry Anne Boleene; however, the Catholic Church would not grant a divorce so Henry withdrew England from the Catholic church and appointed a new Bishop of Canterbury. He approved the divorce and married Henry to Anne. Ironically, Anne did not provide Henry with a male heir but rather a female heir who would become the infamous Queen Elizabeth.
             2. In 1567 the Dutch Netherlands rebelled against Spain. Queen Elizabeth secretly aids in raids on Spanish ships.
             3. In 1587 Elizabeth learned of a plot between Spain and the catholic Mary Queen of Scotts to assassinate her and install Mary to the throne of England. Elizabeth reluctantly has Mary beheaded.
             4. Phillip II of Spain a Catholic decides to crush protestant England and puts together an armada. However the large Spanish ships were outmaneuvered by the smaller faster English ships.
             Significance:The result was that by the end of the 16 century England was starting her rise towards becoming the dominant power in the world. Within the next century her navy would become the greatest force in the Ocean controlling her destiny as well as having a significant impact on the development of the United States.


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