The outcome that nations seek to achieve is dominance of power. He believes that the world consists of sovereign states striving to obtain the greatest amount of power. By stating, "let justice be done, even if the world perish" (AJ 2013, 19), he stresses the idea that the state, as a whole, works as one to maximize power. For this, there is no reason to include moral principles and popular emotions to the support of foreign policy because a realist understands what a nation must do that which is possible and necessary rather than what is desirable. Also, Morgenthau points out a "key concept of interest defined as power" (AJ 2013, 17). This objective acts as a way for a state to form positive relations with other states to ensure the upper hand. In ancient Greece, Thucydides explains his experience with this topic by stating, "identity of interests is the surest of bonds whether between state or individuals" (AJ 2013,17). This goes along with the concept of power. "Power may compromise anything that establishes and maintains the control of man over man" (AJ 2013,18). So, although this concept varies based on cultural context, the idea that the outcome of power from interest is a successful benefactor for the realist society. Following these objectives, comes the claim that domestic politics plays an insignificant role in foreign policy. Realists believe that institutions have no governmental purpose, and cooperation and treaties are irrational. Adding opinions from the people of the states would only distract the individual state from performing rationally against other states determined to achieve power.
While still understanding the concept of conflict as a natural stress to the world, the liberalist view, composed by Immanuel Kant, promotes collaboration and acting outside of one's self interest as a way to reach absolute peace. Kant writes Perpetual Peace in 1795, during the era of monarchies and unrepresented society; yet his opposing perspective gains popularity.
