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Hydrogen Bonding as Essential for Life

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             Rusty L. Myers (2006) Defines high heat specific capacity as the measure of energy needed to change the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1C. Hydrogen bonding increases the strength between water molecules that is why water requires a lot of energy to raise the temperature compared to other fluids without hydrogen bonds. This is very useful when actively the body is maintaining its temperature at 37C. Having 37C as the core temperature of the human body suggested by Steven Heymsfield (2005) means that metabolic reaction can occur efficiently as enzymes are able to work at their optimum temperature Fig. 3 stated by Dr. S. Shanmugam (2009) that happens to be similar to the core body temperature. A normal human body consist of 70% water it therefore can be said water is resistant to fluctuation to the core body temperature due to the high energy requirement to change the temperature of water.
             Solid is denser than a liquid due to the particles being tightly packed together normally however it is suggested by Alex Kaivarainen (2008) that in terms of water Ice is less dense aqueous water and therefore ice floats on aqueous water this is because in ice molecules the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules create a lattice structure Fig. 4 that increases the distance between the molecules therefore less water molecules per volume exist in a solid form than as a liquid form as the hydrogen bond in ice is saturated. Sub-terrestrial organisms such as polar bears habitat is on the ice and if ice did not float than the habitat for the organism would not exist which means biodiversity would be affected. .
             Through transpiration Melvin T. Tyree, ‎Martin H. Zimmermann (2002) suggest that cohesion allows water movement up the plant xylem to the leaves from the roots of plants to be used in respiration and other metabolic reactions. Plants would not be able to transport water if cohesion were not to happen, as the strand of water would break.


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1. Hydrogen Bonding in Water

... air, causing a strong surface. In fact, a metal needle, more dense than water, can be made to float on its surface because of this strong surface tension. It also accounts for its viscosity, as the bonds are stronger, the molecules are harder to move and separate, and this makes the liquid "harder to pour", or more viscous. More kinetic energy is needed to ... similar compound under the same conditions because water is one of the only liquids who have H-bonding, and the only one with two H-bonds per molecule. It accounts for water's high melting and boiling points, as much more input he...

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2. Water

... it essential for the sustenance of life. It is a major constituent both of the tissues in the body, and of the diet. Typically, about 60% of the water we take in comes from drinks, 30% comes from food, and the remaining 10% is metabolic water - the product of respiration. It is a fairly simple molecule, being made up of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen ... evaporate the water from their surfaces. When the water evaporates, it therefore draws a lot of heat energy away from the body. This is the principle upon which sweating is based. As well as being useful in temperature regulation with...

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3. Human Genome Project

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