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Plants and Water Balance

4 The water is absorbed by the roots in the soil and travels up the plant via the xylem cells and is evaporated out of the plant through the leaves. .
             Xerophytes.
             The xerophyte that I am going to discuss in my report is the cactus. A structural adaptation of the cactus that allows it to maintain water balance is the thick cuticle. This acts as a barrier because it is impermeable to water in order to prevent evaporation, which means that the plant loses less water. It is important that the cactus does not lose water through transpiration because the cactus needs water (which is a raw product of photosynthesis) to photosynthesize. If the cactus did not have a thick cuticle it will not photosynthesize, as efficiently and therefore it will not produce as much glucose and oxygen, which are raw products, needed for respiration to occur. It is important for respiration to occur in the cactus because it will provide the cactus with ATP energy so that it can carry out life processes such as growth, which is necessary for it to survive. .
             Another structural adaptation of the cactus that allows it to survive in the desert has sunken stomata and stomatal hairs on the upper epidermis of the stem. The stomatal hairs capture moist air around the stomata and consequently cool the environment around the stomata. This is an important structural adaptation for the cactus because it helps to lower the concentration gradient and as a result it reduces the transpiration rate.5 The sunken stomata on the upper epidermis of the stem provide a layer of protective tissue because the stomata are not directly exposed and vulnerable to the wind and the sun. This is important because it ensures that the water is not evaporated as quickly which means that the plant loses less water. It is essential that cactus have sunken stomata and stomatal hairs on the upper epidermis of the stem so that they can conserve water because they live in an arid environment where water is a scarce resource.


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