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Historical Approaches to Management

It was believed in scientific management that increasing the efficiency of workers was the only way to increase productivity (Augustine & Agu 2013).
             Bureaucracy is another form of classical management. The most important contributor to this is a German theorist names Max Weber. Weber believed that rationality would be the most efficient way to manage an organization. His emphasis was on position in an organization (Augustine & Agu 2013). This meant that workers were employed based on skill rather than contacts. Weber believed that offices should be ranked in a hierarchical order and each sector should have a clearly defined specialization. He also believed that all employees should be treated equally. These factors were believed to create the best working environment for an organization to be successful according to Weber (Samson & Daft 2012). The third form of classical management is administrative management. This was devised, for the most part, by Henri Fayol, a French engineer who was interested in authority and its implementation within an organization. Fayol explored these theories about the same time as Taylor. While Taylor's main concern was with the formation of organizations, Rayol was more interested in the organization as a whole and the management behind it which he believed was neglected in the business world (Augustine & Agu 2013). Fayol created 14 general principles and also formulated 5 functions from his own personal experience in managing a mining industry. These 5 functions are planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling (Samson & Daft 2012). His primary focus was to find guidelines to manage a complex organization (Augustine & Agu 2013). These three people and the findings of classical management are noted and remembered for their contributions to the management theory of today. They helped establish high productivity and efficiency in organizations (Samson & Daft 2012).


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