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Ghost Dance


            In 1889 a young Paiute named Wovako fell into a trance and received a revelation. He said that the dead would rise up, and that living Indians would live forever. He also said that buffalo would return in millions and the white people would disappear. Wovoka's religion called for peaceful behavior from the Indians, there would be no fighting, no war, no stealing or lying, and no cruelty. A white observer called it "a better religion than they ever had before."(Capps, 216) The Indians not only had to obey these commandments but also had to dance a dance. Wovoka said that by dancing regularly, his revelation may be seen and Indians might gain a glimpse of the paradise to come. This movement became known as "the ghost dance movement" because of the belief of resurrection and reunion with the dead. .
             The dance was simple in design. The worshippers, who were painted in red, shuffled counter-clock wise in a circle. They started out slow and would gradually pick up the tempo while singing songs. At the time of the emergence of the ghost dance movement, the Indians had suffered the loss of the buffalo, drought, influenza, and they were forbidden to hunt game and rely on rations that were inadequate. The Ghost dance offered them hope.
             "Day after day the peopled danced, wearing circles on the earth. They had plaited eagle feathers in their hair, painted their faces, and donned sacred garments, white muslin with painted symbols of the natural world. As the pace quickened from slow, steady shuffles to a free form frenzy, many fell to the ground and had visions of the world restored"(Marks, 215).
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             The first apostle of this religious movement was an Indian named Kicking Bear. He had caught word of what Wovoka was doing and went to meet him. Wovoka had told him everything that had happened and how to do the dance. Kicking Bear brought the information back to the Sioux reservation where they, as many other tribes did, added their own alterations to the dance.


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