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Scaling

            
             Here is some basic information on the four types of scales that you're going to want to be familiar with for this course. It is important to know the difference between these in order to appropriately apply statistical tests later on in the course.
             Nominal Scales.
             Nominal scales are easy. Just think of social security numbers. They really have no meaning. They are just a number assigned to each person for identification purposes. There are other examples of this, like numbers on football jerseys or highway numbers or locker numbers. Just remember, these numbers don't mean anything, hence their name "nominal" meaning in name only.
             Ordinal Scales.
             Ordinal scales have some order. We can now use terms like "more than" or "less than" in describing the data from an ordinal scale. We can rank objects on an ordinal scale. We can rank people by height, like Joe is tallest and Ethan is second and Saul is third. We don't know by how much in this type of scale, but we do know order.
             Interval Scales.
             Interval scales are those where the difference between the values in the scale are equal. For example, height as measured in inches. An inch is an inch and 2 inches is twice one inch. If Joe is 59 inches tall and Ethan is 57 inches tall and Saul is 56 inches tall we know there is a 2 inch difference between Joe and Ethan and this is twice as much as the difference in height between Joe and Saul. Test scores also tend to be interval scales.
             Ratio Scales.
             Ratio scales are the same as interval scales (there are equal units between points on the scale) but also have the characteristic of having an absolute zero point. This absolute zero points must represent that the variable being measured has NONE of whatever it is. With the addition of this absolute zero point we can make statements like "twice as long" or "half as fast". Time is an example of a ratio scale. If we are measuring the time it takes Joe and Saul to run a mile and Joe runs it in 5 minutes and Saul runs it in 10 minutes we can say that Joe is twice as fast as Saul.


Essays Related to Scaling

1. Linux Migration

... front-end web server complex also consists of 30 mid-range Sun Fire 3800 servers, each with 8 processors and 8 gigabytes of memory. Acme's leadership has determined that the vertical scaling technique is now cost prohibitive. Each front-end web server, with the above configuration, has an estimated cost of $250,000. Citing several additional market factors including cost, Acme ... increased return on investment and lower total cost of ownership. The other being an immediate gain realized through the increased ease of asset distribution and geographic redundancy created by horizontal sca...

  • Word Count: 3121
  • Approx Pages: 12
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

2. Dental Diseases and Dentistry

... to go to the dentist is high. The only two year visit to the dentist will be doubled and tripled with gum disease. Scaling and root planing will be needed, and this will be done with a local anesthetic. "Scaling and root planing is a non-surgical periodontal therapy or deep cleaning, is the process of removing or eliminating the dental plaque and other ... things that accuses inflammation"(Root Planing and Scaling for Gum Disease1). This is used to also smooth the rough spots on the teeth. There are also surgical procedures that a dentist uses for gum disease. Clearly, as gum disease ....

  • Word Count: 907
  • Approx Pages: 4
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

3. Large Scale Animal Cell Cultivation

... of the main experimental tools. It is used in various fields such as: cancer research, toxicity testing, virology, model systems, cell-based manufacturing, drug screening, development, etc. The reason for scaling up cell culture is based on different needs: to optimize the production of vaccines and complex proteins, to produce the quantities of cells needed for bioassays and in vitro toxicity ... neuro-degenerative diseases is where this treatment comes into use. There would appear to be a lot more disadvantages for large scale cell culture than there are opportunities. But the advanta...

  • Word Count: 1540
  • Approx Pages: 6
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4. Hebenton and Pease Critique

... that there is variation among judges, they will place different values on the same factor. In view of the synthetic approach only three things are necessary: "rough agreement on the scaling of offence seriousness among judges, rough agreement on the relative severity of available sanctions and agreement on the translation of the first into the second" (Hebenton & Pease, 1995, p.381 ... aggravating factors and adjustment for mitigating factors. The authors conclude that in appealed rape cases the Court of Appeal appears to have scaled its sentences apparently unconstrained by the Billam ...

  • Word Count: 1468
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5. castles of great britain

... in 1099 and Acre in 1189-92). The simplest way of climbing over a castle wall was to scale it using a ladder. It was also the most hazardous method since the scaling ladder afforded the attacker no protection against whatever missiles the garrison might hurl at him. The deadliest of these missiles was the crossbow bolt (or quarrel). Heavier than the usual ... crossbow proved to be an ideal weapon. Providing for the crossbow was, as we shall see later, to have a significant influence on certain aspect of castle design. A better means of scaling a castle's walls was afforded by the siege ...

  • Word Count: 5493
  • Approx Pages: 22
  • Grade Level: High School

6. A Critical Review of Cross-Cultural Issues in Marketing Rese

... ) or can be used across all cultures (ETIC). "There has been little research on the topic of etic versus emic scales and the problem of cultural impact on meaning and scaling of constructs." (Herche, Swenson, and Verbeke 1996). This is a problem that is recently being addressed due to its significant importance in cross-cultural marketing research. EMIC tools, those that are ... culture bound, if used in inappropriate research venues, will result in research that is neither valid nor reliable. Marketers often use scaling methodologies borrowed from psychological research, many of which h...

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7. An Analysis of Gregory and Dod

... of the book, aid in the explanation of his "hollow face" example of ambiguities of illusions (207-8). The diagram about constancy scaling, figure 10.18 (Gregory 223), along with the explanation on page 222, does a good job at explaining constancy scaling. His explanation of "paradox illusions" (235-8) is wonderfully aided by the three figures, 10.27-9 (238-40), of the impossible object ... ...

  • Word Count: 1499
  • Approx Pages: 6
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8. Discoveries in Frankenstein

... all pursuit, even if I were so far credited as to persuade my relatives to commence it. And then of what use would be pursuit? Who could arrest a creature capable of scaling the overhanging sides of Mont Salêve? These reflections determined me, and I resolved to remain silent." (pg. 121) In result of not telling anyone his secret Victor loses the lives ... ...

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9. International Corporate Finance: Poland and India

... qualified and talented workforce. There are high tax slabs that may be detrimental to the investments however off late a lot of Foreign Direct Investment in Indian Stock Market with SEBSEX scaling record heights. India no doubt is poised for high growths and is emerging as an alternative to other developing countries like China. My take at this time would certainly be ... ...

  • Word Count: 1363
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10. Global Business Cultural Analysis

... help better the conditions in the organizations and develop compensation from not only the United States but from Ireland as well. Overseas nursing employment cost less and a faster alternative than scaling-up native education. To make sure a sufficient supply of immigrant nurses in the upcoming years, Ireland must vie worldwide to appeal to and then to hang on to immigrant nurses ... ...

  • Word Count: 4915
  • Approx Pages: 20
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