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Symbolisim in madame bovary


            In Madame Bovary, Flaubert pays close attention to minute details such as Emma's wedding dress, windows, cigar case, and flowers. For example, Flaubert spends almost an entire chapter describing Emma's and Charles" wedding using meticulous details to paint a picture of her wedding dress, the cake and the feast that followed. In contrast with, at the end of chapter four, he ends it with, "When they left Tostes in the month of March, Madame Bovary was pregnant." Emma's pregnancy is not mentioned again after several chapters. One might think that Emma's pregnancy would be a major event in the book, but Flaubert doesn't describe it in nearly as much detail as he does with, for example, the wedding dress or feast. Through Flaubert's precise attention to small details that might seem unimportant, he is able to use simple object to describe Emma's oppression and show a close understanding of the plight of women during this time. .
             The description of Emma's wedding dress shows the beginning of Emma's loss of freedom. Emma's wedding dress is too long and brushes against the ground picking up thistles: "Emma's dress, too long, trailed a little on the ground; from time to time she stopped to pull it up, and the delicately, with her gloved hands, she picked off the coarse grass and the thistles" (Pg. 20). This description of Emma's dress shows the reader that the dress is like a burden much like how being married becomes a burden to her. Flaubert uses the wedding dress to represent Emma's confinement and her restriction that she can't escape even in death. After Emma commits suicide, Charles insists on having Emma buried in her wedding dress. The white dress is a symbol of purity, yet the reader is aware of Emma affairs. As Emma lay in bed before her funeral, Charles looked at her in her wedding dress and observed that she was "lost beneath it," (Flaubert, p.243). Flaubert uses the dress as an object that is weighing her down almost suffocating her, just as she was in her marriage while she was alive.


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