1. Brown V. Board of Education
What arguments and/or strategies finally worked in the struggle for desegregation? Consider legal, socio-psychological, and political aspects.
The Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas Supreme Court case of 1954 is important cases in United States History. Fought long and hard by the NAACP, this land mark case ended segregation in schools, reversing the Plessy V. Ferguson case of 1896. Argued by Thurgood Marshall, this case stands as a defining moment in civil rights history, and who's legal, political, and socio-psychological effects are still felt today.
Prior to the Plessy V. Ferguson case, blacks felt that segregation in education was unjust, and often petitions and suits were filled against states. One of the most interesting was the Roberts V. City of Boston petition of 1849. Much like the Brown case years to come, Benjamin Roberts, a black activist, filled a suit on behalf of his five year old daughter, against the city of Boston challenging its practice of segregated schools. Although he would eventually loose his suit, lawyer Charles Sumner who argued the case for him, made strong legal statements. He says "In equality declared by our fathers in 1776, and made the fundamental law of Massachusetts in 1780, was Equality before the law". He goes on to say "Here the facts are plain and unanswerable, showing a palpable violation of Equality. The black and white are not equal before the law.
Although equality in education was an important issue fore blacks, there was a much bigger social problem going on, lynching. Lynching was all too common, especially in the south. Ida B. Wells, an editor, author, and black activist, reported on tens of thousands of lynching in the south. In nearly every case, no person(s) were charged, our punishment served. Many of these men and women were killed for exercising their right to vote. In her book, Red Record, Wells writes, "The southern white man would not consider that the Negro had any right which a white man was bound to respect," Towards the end of the passage, she continues "We plead not for the colored people alone, but for all the victims of the terrible injustice which puts men and women to death without form of law.
The US Supreme Court case on Brown v. the Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas (1954), declares "separate but equal is not ok" in school education. ... Plessy v. ... The only reason the Plessy v. ... The vote that came from Brown v. the Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas, was unanimous in favor of desegregation. ... The US Supreme Court declares "separate but equal is not ok" in school education on Brown v. the Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas (1954). ...
Linda brown was black and black children were not allowed to go to white schools, her father, Oliver Brown asked McKinley Burnett, head of the Topeka branch of the NAACP for help. ... The Board of Education's defense was that segregated schools simply prepared black children for the segregation they would face during adulthood. ... Because of the precedent of Plessy v. ... Brown and the NAACP appealed to the Supreme Court in 1951. ... The brown decision heartened opponents of segregation everywhere. ...
However, Brown vs. The Board of Education was the turning point in race relations. ... Yet, to understand the laws that were being questioned in the case of Brown vs. ... The author of Brown v. ... Brown's family lived on the wrong side of town (Knappman 466). ...
Sex Ed does not stop at teaching abstinence. ... Sex Ed does not promote sexual activity. ... In a comprehensive review of sexual education studies, Douglas Kirby, Ph.D. board member at the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, reports that the evidence shows overwhelmingly that sex ed does not hasten the onset of sex, increase the frequency or number of partners. V. Comprehensive and age appropriate sex ed has public support. ...
For instance in Gitlow v New York the issue of free speech was presented. ... Also in Gideon v Wainright a man who was charged with breaking and entering lacked the means to hire a lawyer. ... For fifty years the Plessy v Ferguson decision upheld the principle of separate but equal segregation or buses trains, and in hotels, theatres and schools. Then in the 1954 Brown v Board of Ed. case it was voted unanimously that segregation violated the 14th amendment's "separate but equal" clause. ...
Black fifth grader Linda Brown of Topeka, Kansas was not allowed to attend a white elementary school. ... Brown V. Board of Education was argued in December of 1952 by black lawyer Thurgood Marshall, who was head of the NAACP. ... The Supreme Court decision in Gayle et al V. ... In September 1957, in response to 1954's court decision in Brown V. ...
Ferguson and the Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education decision all played key roles in our American Civil Rights Movement. ... By this time in 1954, the Supreme Court has outlawed school segregation in the Brown v. Topeka Board of Education case. After the Brown decision made separate-but-equal schools unconstitutional, things began to change, albeit slowly. ...
