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HIV

            
             HIV discovery allows targeting of vaccines.
             Researchers continue to make new discoveries about HIV everyday. A recent article written by Helen Pearson highlights what seems to be a significant step towards finding a vaccine. Researchers have successfully profiled the HIV strains that are most likely to be transmitted during sex. A person who has been infected with HIV for many years has several different strains of HIV in their system. Some strains are more likely to infect than other and when one does get infected it is usually from only one type. The purpose of this profiling is so the scientists can design the vaccines to target these more infectious strains. What researchers know so far is that most of the more infectious strains contain a coating of protein called gp120. This protein is what allows the virus to attach to and enter human immune cells. However, this protein also makes the virus ten times for susceptible to antibodies that are able to fight the HIV virus. Natural human immune cells are unable to fight HIV and that is the purpose of the vaccines. I will expand on the significance of HIV research as well the nature of the virus and its theorized origins.
             Obviously HIV research is important because in order to defend against a disease, or anything for that matter, you must understand it. There are so many variables involved with HIV that research in one area may not apply in another. For instance HIV strains in homosexual males are different than the strains found in most heterosexuals. Another example of the difficulty of researching the virus is that in order for the scientists to see which strains are the more infectious ones they must study someone who has only been infected for a few months. Fortunately, many people volunteered themselves to the study and that's how the researchers were able to profile the different strains. Researchers already posses many prototype vaccines for HIV.


Essays Related to HIV

1. New York City Proposes Early Treatment of HIV

... that convinced Farley of the usefulness of antiretroviral drugs, citing that they help to prolong healthy lives and are 96 percent effective in cutting HIV transmission from an infected partner to an uninfected partner. New York City would be the second city in the nation to adopt such aggressive ... measures, following San Francisco who began early treatment of HIV in 2010. Like in San Francisco, doctors in New York City probably already begin treatment early, but there are no official guidelines that ... enforce it, said Dr. Moupali Das, director of research in the San Francisco healt...

  • Word Count: 804
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

2. Recent Study Finds Contraceptive Linked to HIV Transmission

... see no reason why the findings would be different had the study also involved women in America. However, the effects are most alarming for African women because the transfer of HIV from heterosexual sex is greater in sub-Saharan Africa causing many organizations to panic (Belluck). "The best contraception today is injectable hormonal contraception because you don't need a doctor, it's long ... regarding contraceptive use, particularly emphasizing the importance of dual protection with condoms and the use of non-hormonal and low-dose hormonal methods for women with or at risk of HIV-1, a...

  • Word Count: 794
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

3. A Look at the HIV Virus

... . People are at the highest risk of spreading the disease in this stage. The second stage is known as clinical latency, this period is sometimes called asymptotic HIV infection or chronic HIV infection. HIV is still active during this stage but is reproducing at low rates. A person may not be sick or have any symptoms during this time. The third and ... minimum intensity level for aerobic training. Beginning slowly and progressing to a desired duration and intensity will improve the patient's tolerance for exercise. One of the most commonly reported symptoms of HIV is fatigue. Studies hav...

  • Word Count: 1844
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

4. AIDS, HIV and Faith-Based Organizations

... internal affairs whereby some conservative religious groups are giving their own disheartening responses which are contrary to other religious groups advocating for joint venture in fighting the virus. The HIV and AIDS pandemic has touched all religious groups, brought fear and shame, and raised disturbing questions about sickness, healing, death, and divine power. Initially, conservative religious ... greater coordination and better communication are urgently needed between organizations of different faiths and the private and public health sectors. Dr Kevin De Cock, Director of WHO's...

  • Word Count: 5303
  • Approx Pages: 21
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

5. AIDS and HIV in Africa

... important concept buried within the data. Minority groups such as African Americans, and Latinos were observed to have a higher rate of perinatal transmission of HIV than Caucasian's. With the highest ranking of 63%, African Americans are followed by HispanicsLatinos at 22% with the lowest of three races, at 13% ... if the CD4 white blood cell count is less than 200 cellsmm3 and if one or more opportunistic infections are present. (The stages of HIV Infection, 2014) The nature of the viruses specifically enables themselves to multiply only if the virus is attached to a host cell. Since v...

  • Word Count: 1961
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Has Bibliography

6. HIV And AIDS

... emerged could be important in both mapping the future course of the epidemic and developing effective education and prevention programs. It is now generally accepted throughout the medical industry that HIV is a descendant of simian (monkey) immunodeficiency virus (SIV) ("Aspects", Internet, 1,2002). When this disease first appeared in America it seemed to be very confined to only a ... condition is currently considered incurable. However, symptoms can be relieved or controlled and scientific research into causes and treatment continues. AIDS may not develop for years following a positi...

  • Word Count: 2099
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

7. HIV Research

... The gp120-chemokine receptor-binding event is an essential part of the infection process. This is exemplified by a small group of people who remain uninfected despite multiple exposures to HIV. These individuals possess a homozygous mutation of the CCR5 gene, which prevents the CCR5 receptor from being presented at the cell surface. This mutation renders these individuals virtually resistant ... receiving infected blood or blood products during transfusions. Stringent blood screening protocols are now in effect, which have dramatically reduced the numbers of individuals infected by thi...

  • Word Count: 1861
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. HIV

... popularity among teenagers because teens believe that there is less risk of obtaining a sexually transmitted disease (STD). STDs include gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, and syphilis. The Four Stage of HIV/AIDS Reproduction: The four stages of the illness are the infection stage, the asymptomatic stage, the ARC stage, and the AIDS stage. The infection stage is when the virus first ... antiretroviral agents. There are different classes, daily dosages, and special considerations for each brand of medication. The first class is called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. These drug...

  • Word Count: 2228
  • Approx Pages: 9
  • Grade Level: High School

9. HIV and AIDS

... , AIDS has killed nearly 19 million people worldwide, together with some 425,000 Americans."" Although there is a range of theories about the origin of HIV, there is one that is believed to be true. This theory is that HIV originated from a primate SIV (Simian Immunodeficiency Virus) that then crossed over into the human population in a process known as zoonosis (zoonosis is the ... (the process in which viruses pass from animals to humans, is known as zoonosis) as a result of a human killing a chimp and eating it for food. Primarily four bodily fluids transmit HIV. These fluids are bloo...

  • Word Count: 1036
  • Approx Pages: 4
  • Grade Level: High School

10. Infants and HIV

... United States, Europe, and Africa for several decades or longer before the earliest cases appeared in 1980 and 1981. French and American scientists first identified HIV in 1984, but the human immunodeficiency virus did not get its name until 1986 (Consumer guidelines from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research ... 50 to 80 percent of infections in children, probably occurs late in pregnancy or during birth. Although the precise mechanisms are unknown, scientists think HIV may be transmitted when maternal blood enters the fetal circulation, or by mucosal exposure to virus during l...

  • Word Count: 1561
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: High School

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