Many complications can happen due to a head injury during development, but a lot of people don't focus on birth complications. Several studies have shown that babies who suffer birth complications are more likely to develop "conduct disorder, delinquency, and commit impulsive crime and violence in adulthood when other psychosocial risk factors are present- (Adrian Raine, 2002, p425). They concluded that the main risk factor would be maternal rejection due to the birth complications. Although the combination was very minimal, it was noticed that that small percentage still caused approximately 18% of all the violent crimes committed in their sample. In the study by Leon-Carrion et al. (2003), a comparison was made of the school and head injury histories of violent and non-violent prisoners. Difficulties with academics were prevalent in both the groups. However, it was found that "what differentiated the violent from the non-violent group was a history of having suffered head injuries that were never treated- (Leon-Carrion et al., 2003, p207). If brain injury is severe enough, and left untreated, the result can be brain damage that is never looked at by a proper physician. In one particular study done on patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), it was noted that "regardless of arrest history, motor vehicle accidents were the most common cause of injury- (Kolakowsky-Hayner, Stephanie A.; Kreutzer, Jeffrey S., 2001, p60). This brain damage, especially if in the frontal lobe regions, they found has a high correlation with violent criminal behavior. It was stated that there was also a high correlation of violence with social status; therefore, the reason of head injuries not being treated may be due to the financial inability to seek help. Head injuries during development, in many studies, show a high correlation with criminal behavior; it has also been "found that patients with a pre-injury history of arrest tended to exhibit higher rates of aggressive behavior- (Kolakowsky-Hayner et al.
