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EMDR

            Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychological method that is used to help treat experimental based disorders and emotional difficulties that are caused by negative or disturbing life experiences. EMDR is a controversial therapy that has been and still is heavily researched. Many remarkable claims have come from the use of EMDR. While many traditional therapies may take years to successfully alleviate people's problems, EMDR may only take a few sessions. .
             EMDR emerged in 1987 when Francine Shapiro, while walking through a park, accidentally discovered that eye movements decreased the negative emotions associated with distressing memories she had. After discovering this she then tried it on other people and realized it had the same effect on them. She realized the eye movements were not the only component that produced the therapeutic effect. Shapiro added a cognitive component and set up a standard procedure. She called this new procedure Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD). She conducted several case studies and controlled studies to test the effectiveness of EMD. In 1989 Shapiro's initial controlled study on the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with EMD was published. In 1991 she changed the name from EMD to Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). She changed the name to help reflect the insights and cognitive changes that occurred during treatment. In 1995 after most of the controlled studies had been published, the term "experimental" was disassociated with EMDR and the first text book describing the procedure was published. .
             EMDR is performed by trained physicians or psychologists. During EMDR a patient visualizes the traumatic event and internally repeats the associated irrational cognition or negative self treatment at the same time as the eye movement or some other form of external stimulus. The procedure is divided up into eight stages.


Essays Related to EMDR

1. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

... and therapist expectations for recovery may have created methodological problems with studies of its efficacy (Foa & Meadows, 1997). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a new and highly controversial form of exposure therapy. In EMDR, the patient is told to focus on whatever traumatic experience he or she finds disturbing while the therapist guides the eye movements of the patient ... the traumatic event. The severity of the patient's symptoms is then rated and the technique is repeated until the symptoms are reduced considerably (Lilienfeld, 1996). The "discovery" of...

  • Word Count: 3159
  • Approx Pages: 13
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

2. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Soldier Reintegraion

... have to always be through tangible medication, it can be through therapy. There are multitudes of treatments such as Prolonged Exposure (PE), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), and Eye Movement Desensitization (EMDR). Russell, Silver, Rogers, and Darnell (2007) reported Joint Clinical Practice Guidelines for PTSD by the VA and DoD recommended the use of cognitive therapy, SIT, exposure therapy, and ... may work for one veteran may not work for the other. The Joint Clinical Practice Guidelines for PTSD likewise suggested paroxetine and sertraline as pharmacological medications. Salvatore ...

  • Word Count: 4175
  • Approx Pages: 17
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

3. Psychological Effects of the Holocaust

... be felt (Barel, Schwartz, Kranenburg, and IJzendoorn, "Surviving the Holocaust: Meta-Analysis of a Genocide"). There are three types of psychotherapy: cognitive, exposure, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Cognitive therapy helps you realize what's keeping you from handling situations normally and is used along with exposure therapy, where you enter where you witnessed the trauma and learn to ... not be afraid of it. EMDR is a type of therapy that can change the way you react to situations by eye movements. Another successful treatment is known as brief psychodyn...

  • Word Count: 2375
  • Approx Pages: 10
  • Has Bibliography

4. Educating Traumatized Children

... and Complex Trauma in Children" that "In addition to more normative treatments for attachment and trauma, numerous repetitions of positive relationships and rhythmic activities (e.g. dancing, drumming, movement, massage, EMDR) are needed to stimulate and reorganize brain systems implicated in emotional regulation.? (2013, pg. 341) Play as therapy can help access memories that have been stored in a variety of forms ... ...

  • Word Count: 1717
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

5. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

... treat the disorder, its effectiveness is unproven. Recently exposure therapy, as part of a Cognitive Behavioral approach, and a therapy developed by Francine Shapiro called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy, or EMDR therapy, has in many cases been the treatment of choice with reports of very successful interventions (Yehuda, ed., 1999). Exposure to associated cues, re-experiencing the event through imagination, visiting ... ...

  • Word Count: 1921
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

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