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Penguins


A Large penguin can collect up to 30 fish in one dive (Brennan, 2002, p. 16). Penguins also swallow pebbles and stones as well as their regular food. Scientists are still unsure of why they do this. They believe that the stones may help the penguins grind up and digest their food. And they think that the stones may add enough extra weight to help penguins when they want to dive deep down (Brennan, 2002, p. 16).
             When its time for penguins to start breeding, they all have a similar structure and form. Penguins live a long time, and some have been recorded as still breeding at seventeen to twenty years of age (Chester, 1996, p.25). When penguins first begin to breed, they usually start around to age of five years. Most penguins breed in colonies, sometimes as large as a million pairs. The breeding season is a noisy time for all penguins. Males usually arrive at the colony first and set about finding the place where they nested the year before. First-time breeders have to grab an empty site or settle on the edge of the colony (Gilpin, 2001, p.11). When male breeders are ready to find a mate, they try to attract females by calling loudly. After doing this eventually almost all of the males have found a mate to begin the breeding process. Penguins usually lay only one or two eggs, depending on the species and among those that lay two, some usually only incubate one (Simpson, 1976, p. 56). After laying the eggs, the penguins face a problem when it comes to building a nest, which is the lack of material that could be used to build it. Since this is the case in many situations, many penguins do not make a nest at all. The Kind and emperor penguins balance their eggs on their feet, which the Magellanic penguin digs a burrow (Gilpin, 2001, p.11). Since only a few kinds of penguins do not build nests, the others usually build a nest from pebbles or they might even just lay the eggs on the bare ground.


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