The HIV virus, which causes AIDS, was first recognized as a new and distinct clinical entity in 1981. Since then it has become a universal epidemic concerning all of mankind.(3) This epidemic is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, also known as HIV. HIV belongs to the retrovirus family, a family of RNA viruses noted for possession of a viral reverse transcriptase.(2) Reverse transcriptase allows a retrovirus to synthesize DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from their RNA. HIV like all viruses replicates inside a host cell. By seizing a host cell, the HIV virus starts with the entry into the host cell. The host cell is a cell with a surface molecule called cluster designation 4 or CD4.(2) These molecules are known as CD4+ cells. The virus surface molecules, which are classified as glycoprotein protrude from the surface of the virus and bind tightly to the CD4+ molecule on the cell surface. The membranes of the cell and virus then fuse together. .
The next process the virus undergoes is reverse transcription and DNA synthesis. The HIV virus releases the enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which converts viral RNA into DNA that is then implanted into the hosts DNA. The new DNA is spliced into the host cells genetic sequence. The HIV DNA is termed a "provirus." The way to achieve provirus reproduction is by using the host's cells protein and making machinery to produce copies of RNA.(2) These reproductions are called messenger RNA (mRNA). This process is called transcription and involves the host cell's own enzymes. Enabling viral genes can now control the host cell's process. MRNA is produced in the cell's nucleus and is transported to the cytoplasm where it is used to achieve translation. These new protein chains gather inside the cellular membrane where they split into smaller pieces by a viral enzyme called protease. This step involves infectious viral particles that spread through the body at an alarming rate.
HIV/AIDS is transmitted in several ways. ... Generally, HIV is the disease that is transmitted as that is the basic form of AIDS HIV is transmitted in sexual intercourse. ... HIV cannot be transmitted through touching or kissing a HIV+ person. ... Once HIV gets into a cell, it can take over the genetic material of the cell and turn the cell into a factory of HIV producing cells. ... HIV has four stages of severity. ...
HIV discovery allows targeting of vaccines Researchers continue to make new discoveries about HIV everyday. ... A person who has been infected with HIV for many years has several different strains of HIV in their system. ... Where did the HIV virus come from? ... There are several forms of HIV. ... A less common human immunodeficiency virus is HIV-2. ...
HIV and AIDS HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a complex retrovirus that causes AIDS (Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome). ... There are currently two types of HIV: HIV-1 which is the strand of HIV that is chiefly responsible for causing AIDS worldwide and HIV-2 is a strand that is found mostly in West Africa. ... Mothers who are infected with HIV can also transmit HIV by breastfeeding their child. ... People who have the HIV antibodies are called "HIV-Positive." ... A few HIV-positive people stay healthy for many years even without taking anti-HIV medications. ...
HIV is an enveloped human retrovirus. ... HIV is a member of the retrovirus family of which there are two sub-families: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is more prevalent and more pathogenic than HIV-2. ... Researchers claim that chimpanzees were the source for HIV-1 and the simian virus (SIVcpz) is almost identical to HIV-1. ... In addition, HIV can mutate very easily; the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme makes many mistakes while making DNA copies from HIV RNA. ...
The results were in - your child has HIV. ... The risk of perinatal transmission is significantly increased if the mother has advanced HIV disease, increased levels of HIV in her bloodstream, or fewer numbers of the immune system cells, CD4+ T cells, that are the main targets of HIV. ... HIV is often difficult to diagnose in very young children. ... How do you tell a child that they have HIV? ... In conclusion, HIV is real. ...
From that population, 1 out of every 5 people actually knows that they have HIV. ... It is said, "More than 50 percent of new HIV infections occur as a result of the 21 percent of people who have HIV but do not know it" (2012). ... Promoting the use of condoms is the number one way to prevent the spread of HIV. ... Evidence Many studies have been done on HIV prevention. ... They each participated in a demonstrated effective HIV prevention intervention. ...
Circumcision and HIV The parents of a newborn baby boy will make a lot of decisions for their child. ... There are also biological reasons that suggest the foreskin is especially vulnerable to HIV. ... high level of sexually transmitted disease, but a low rate of HIV. ... He also added that Europe has a low rate of circumcision and a low rate of HIV. ... HIV still appears at undesirably high rates in cities where circumcision is widely practiced. ...
The HIV/AIDS epidemic represents a major problem to the human race. ... HIV and AIDS are two stages of the same virus. ... HIV belongs for a group of viruses known as retroviruses. ... People found to possess HIV antibodies, and thus suffer from HIV, are known as "HIV Positive". ... There is no cure (or vaccine) for HIV or AIDS at present. ...
