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Biotechnology: An Arigcultural View

            Biotechnology has dramatically changed modern society and will continue to as technology becomes more advanced. The idea of genetically modified plants and food has stirred both questions and concerns from both sides of the issue. However biotechnology can be responsible for many prominent advances in Agriculture. For example "Golden Corn" is an ongoing food modification that Biotech companies are working on. Corn has been the major legume used for research in biotechnology. However, food is not the only modification being made in Agriculture. Cotton is a very important crop to the industry and thus a another focus of biotechnology. The implications of this research can and will be very beneficial to modern society.
             There are many techniques that are used in genetically engineering cotton for insect resistance. A common technique used is called the Bt technique. .
             The first step in inserting the Bt gene into the cotton plant is determining the Bt protein's amino acid sequence. Using the principles of the genetic code it is possible to construct a complementary DNA sequence called and oligonucleotide using an automated DNA synthesizers. This oligonucleotide can then be used as a DNA probe to isolate the DNA from the Bacillus thuringiensis. It is made radioactive and when inserted into the bacteria it hybridizes (attaches to the complementary base pairing) with the DNA sequence that codes for the Bt protein. The DNA binding to the probe becomes radioactive so it can be detected by x-ray film. The gene is then isolated from the bacterium by using restriction enzymes and multiplied in the bacterium E. coli through gene cloning. .
             The gene is first inserted into a plasmid from E. coli containing a gene coding for resistance to the antibiotics kanamycin and neomycin. The plasmid is cut with the same restriction enzyme as used to cut the Bacillus thuringiensis" DNA. The restriction enzyme cuts both the DNA and the plasmid leaving sticky ends on the resulting fragments that enable the Bt gene to be incorporated into the plasmid.


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