2. Madania Verses: tackling personal and social relations, marriage, divorce, etc. .
After Prophet Muhammad died, the state has expanded to include different countries with different cultures. Ijtehad was essential to solve new problems. The first one to encounter Muslims was to elect a Khalifa. Thereafter, the School of Ijtehad spread during the first and second centuries of Hijra.
Sharee'a Development:.
Al-Rashideen Khaliphas used to consult the Sahaba. Omayyads gave no concern to consultation, leaving Fatwas to the Judes. Abbassid used their kinship to the Prophet and spread their Ijtehad to mold their rule in a religious form. Ijtehad was one of three schools of thought have been found.
1. School of Raai and Ijtehad:.
It appeared during the first and second centuries of Hijra in Iraq. Its followers were known for their baseless branches concepts and hypotheses with little reliance on Hadith. They had tough conditions for accepting Hadiths. Al-Hanafi sect is a follower of this school.
2. School of Hadith:.
This school contradicted the School of Raai and Ijtehad. It gave great importance to Hadith. Al-Malki and Al-Hanbali are of its followers of this school.
3. Al-Wasatiya School:.
It's the school of Al-Shafei Imam. It followed Ijtehad in case of not finding a Hadith they trust.
Sunna Mathhabs (Sects):.
1- Al-Hanafi Mathhab:.
Originated by Abu Hanifah Al-No'man (died in 204H). It relied on keen emphasis on Qiyass and Ijtehad with brain working. Iraq is the main center for Abu Hanifah's Fiqh. .
2- Al-Maleki Mathhab:.
Originated by Malek Bin Anas (died on 179H). It was established upon Tashreei of Quran, then Hadith Saheeh Al-Sanad, then unanimous approval of scholars of Medinah. Malek Bin Anas did not agree with the Raai Mathahab.
3-Al-Shafei Mathhab: Originated by Mohamed Bin Idris Al-Qorashi (died in 204H) originated this. He got his education on Malek Bin Anas then moved to Iraq, Yemen then resided in Egypt. He was a mediator between what both Abu Hanifa and Malek thought taken, Qiyass on no Tarjeeh.
