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Perceptual Foreign Accent And Its Relevance For


             linguistics known as phonology would have a profound influence on the problem of.
             perceptual invariance as it applies to speech perception. Saussure`s initiation of the.
             Structuralist movement in linguistics and the innovative phonology of Bloomfield could.
             be cited as perhaps the most important prerequisites to the of phonology of the Prague.
             School in which Trubetskoy (1939) and Jakobson (1962) established and refined the.
             theoretical concept of the phoneme. It was the primary unit of speech, originally.
             considered to be an abstract unit with contrastive (distinctive function). Jakobson, Fant.
             and Halle (1952) attempted to define the phoneme in concrete phonetic terms and their.
             work contributed to the theoretical paradigm of categorical perception used extensively in.
             psychology and linguistics.
             The theoretical idea of the phoneme and the phoneme inventory as part of the linguistic.
             knowledge of the native speaker of human language fit well with associative theory as the.
             prime solution to the problem of perceptual invariance as it applied to the perception of.
             human speech. Each phoneme was ideally associated with a set of acoustic cues which.
             were used by the listener to identify the phonemes in an incoming utterance. Variation in.
             the acoustic identity of a given phoneme was tolerated by the listener as long as the.
             category boundaries were not infringed upon. The category boundaries for acoustic.
             variation were extensively tested with speech synthesis. Figure 2 is an example of this.
             type of test.
             fig 2 about here.
             figure caption.
             Figure 2: Results of a vowel identification test. The y-axis represents per cent of the.
             Swedish long vowelo:/ responses. The x-axis represents the array of stimuli in a.
             stepwise second formant transition froma:/ too:/ quality. Each data point is a mean of.
             20 listener responses. (McAllister, 1995).
             Systematic step-wise variation of the second formant frequency gave a gradual vowel.
             quality transition between the Swedish long vowels/ and/ in -tag- (take) and- tåg-.


Essays Related to Perceptual Foreign Accent And Its Relevance For

1. Saying Goodbye to the New York Accent

That being said, words like "coffee", pronounced more like "caw-fee" and "talk" like "tawk" are ones that most people foreign to the city could recognize as being part of the New York accent. ... For the casual listener, the accent doesn't seem very complicated, but, according to linguists, there are many subtle changes in pronunciation that give this language its particular twang. ... According to an NPR segment on the topic, it may be in part because of the social and economic homogony that has struck the city, and the island of Manhattan more spe...

  • Word Count: 2184
  • Approx Pages: 9
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

2. American Tongues

Regardless of one's dialect or accent, neither one is any better than the other. ... If there were a standard English accent, this generic homogenized sound that seems accent-less would be the standard. ... You can have an accent and still speak `computerese."" ... The further west the settlers were, the accents would lessen. ... In Boston, accents vary from one neighborhood to the next. ...

  • Word Count: 838
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Grade Level: High School

3. Consider how RP Rose to Become a Prestigious Accent

No specific authority gave the accent that would become RP its special status. ... This accent has traditionally stood out above all others in its ability to link respectable social standing and a good education. ... When learning a foreign language, it is disconcerting to think of regional variation. ... Scouse is very different form RP in its intonation. ... Certainly to linguists, RP is only one of many accents, although its special identity as a class accent is evident. ...

  • Word Count: 1264
  • Approx Pages: 5

4. Durability of Perceptual Priming

Discussion question: Is perceptual priming vulnerable to decay over time? (Answer: No) Summary Mitchell, a psychological researcher at Kennesaw State University, conducted a longitudinal study evaluating the durability of perceptual priming effect. ... This study shows that perceptual priming effect can last for very long periods. ... Priming can be separated into two categories: perceptual priming (stimuli are visually related) and conceptual priming (stimuli are lexically related) (Cacioppo & Freberg, 2013). ... Criticism Even though this study uncovers a stunning finding regarding longev...

  • Word Count: 563
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

5. The Cognitive Systems of Attention

Accordingly, pre-attentive processing is a phase of perception in which the inputs that ultimately receive the full analysis of attention are automatically selected, based on relevance, from the wider field of information (Van der Heijden, 1996). ... Per Lavie's (1995) perceptual load theory, tasks differ in how much they demand of our finite attentional resources. If a task is not perceptually demanding than surplus resources can be used to attend to other visual inputs. ... For example, Mitchell et al. (2007), found increased activity in the visual cortex for fearful compared to neutral...

  • Word Count: 741
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

6. The Gestalt Approach To Perceptual Organization

The Gestalt Approach to Perceptual Organization. Perceptual Organization refers to how we sense things in our environment and interact with them. ... The Gestalt Approach is summed up as "The whole is different than the sum of its parts." ... The purpose of this paper is to examine the principles of the Gestalt approach to perceptual organization, and its flaws. ... There are six major principles or laws of perceptual organization. ...

  • Word Count: 2227
  • Approx Pages: 9
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

7. Business Case Study - Target Corporation

The store follows red and white color scheme, the bullseye symbols appear in accents. ... The company can open new foreign stores, merge with existing companies, or acquire them. ... Since Target only operates in the United States, it doesn't have the ability to fall back on their foreign markets. ... Though, Wal-Mart stated that the company would expand its apparel section in 2013, there has not been any increase in the sales percentage of its apparel section. ... PRICE The pricing at Target is low, according to its "Expect More. ...

  • Word Count: 2082
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

8. Advertising - Axe Repositioning Plan

It needs to highlight them and create strong differentiation amongst its variants as well. ... Proposition 'The Axe Effect' still has a unique appeal and it will do well for the company to continue to leverage its recall. ... Place Axe can up its presence on e-commerce websites and allow consumers who shop on the go more accessibility. ... Perceptual Map This will help in identifying areas and need gaps that the brand can leverage in a competitive market scenario. 3. ... The effectiveness and relevance of the campaigns need to be scrutinized and based on that the strategy needs to...

  • Word Count: 612
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Grade Level: High School

9. dialogue and speech

A strong Italian accent may distinguish our cultural roots and display our European origin. ... Although accents and dialects identify many types of people, some may find it as a sign of ignorance. ... Many of the individuals who are learning the second language become frustrated with this "sub-standard" that they believe are condemning them; their accents. ... It is nearly impossible to learn a foreign tongue without an accent-. ... Although it should not be this way, the unfortunate truth is that foreign accents and dialects are frowned upon in our society today. ...

  • Word Count: 411
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Grade Level: High School

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