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History Of Correction, Probation, And Parole

It was built in a cell system to replace the old dormitory housing. Inmates in the cell system are allowed to leave their cells during the day to work in prison shops. This new system was then deemed the "Auburn system" and soon after became the standard for American prisons. In 1828, the New York City Commissioners of Bridewell and Almshouse bought the Blackwell Island so they could have facilities under their jurisdiction. This included the New York City Penitentiary. New York's first inmate to be electrocuted was done in 1890 at the Auburn prison. Many more prisons and county jails were built in the upcoming years to house the overcrowding of inmates in Greenwich and Auburn. .
             Virginia, from the time of the fist settlement at Jamestown had depended upon corporal and capital punishment for its penal measures. Gradually Virginia began to use small county jails for sentences of confinement. After the Revolutionary War, Thomas Jefferson began to urge that Virginia construct a "penitentiary house" as was being done in Europe and other parts of the world. The General Assembly ignored Jefferson's ideas. Even then, it seemed that building prisons were not a popular governmental activity. In 1796, a wave of reform swept the legislature, and Benjamin Latrobe was engaged to design a penitentiary house. The facility which received its first prisoners in 1800 and was completed in 1804 was known by generations of Virginians as the Virginia State Penitentiary or the "Pen". Since then Virginia has opened many more correctional facilities. In 1942, statewide Probation and Parole Services were created under the new Virginia Parole Board and were shifted to the Department of Corrections on July 1, 1974.
             It wasn't until the 1900's when Congress enacted legislation establishing the Federal Probation System. In 1929, the first paid US probation officer was appointed under the US Department of Justice.


Essays Related to History Of Correction, Probation, And Parole

1. Effectiveness of Missouri's Department of Corrections Drug R

The Offenders Under Treatment, Post Conviction Treatment, and Long-Term Cocaine Addiction programs treat offenders on probation, in prison, and on parole. ... The program lengths range from 12 weeks to a year and a half and can include daily supervision, weekly urinalysis, incarceration, conditional probation, parole, and continued regimented supervision. ... • Have no history of violent behavior in the community. ... If offenders complete the program successfully, the DOC releases the offender to the appropriate probation and parole district office and advises the Court System. ... Joh...

  • Word Count: 2049
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

2. Criminal Justice: Police Operations

One reason for the increased risk is that now probation is being granted to offenders whose criminal acts, prior records, and drug abuse histories are more serious (Petersilia & Turner, 1990). ... These issues have forced many probation professionals to reconsider and change their traditional practices including providing officers with defensive weapons (American Probation and Parole Association Board of Directors, 1994). ... Similar conflicts and safety concerns were the basis for a 1978 class action civil lawsuit in which California state parole agents sued their agency for ...

  • Word Count: 4346
  • Approx Pages: 17
  • Grade Level: High School

3. Parole

Probation and parole are the most well-known forms of community corrections, but the term also includes house arrest, electronic monitoring, day fine programs, work release, furloughs, halfway houses, restitution, community service, drug/alcohol checks, check-in programs, curfews, mediation and restorative justice centers, and any other offender monitoring or reporting program that walks the line between trust and safety. There is tremendous variation by jurisdiction in how community corrections are done. ... Parole used to be the normal course of events, but more and more inmates are exiti...

  • Word Count: 1140
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

4. Parole Officer

My principal job responsibility as a Parole Officer is to monitor the reintegration of criminal offenders serving the remainder of sentences while conditionally released into the community on parole. ... A case summary is a document that details an offender's criminal, social, psychological, and institutional adjustment history; it is completed after an in-depth interview between a parole officer and an offender, who is also referred to as the client. ... A parole officer may work inside a correctional institution, or in the parole office, or you may have to travel to meet his clients at...

  • Word Count: 456
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Grade Level: Graduate

5. What is Probation?

What is Probation? ... The present offense, the degree of risk to the community and the potential for change can be assessed only in the context of the offender's individual history and experience. ... Klug in Corrections Today June 2001, entitled "Debora McGill: Igniting Enthusiasm," Ms. McGill, supervisor of the Louisville West Division of Probation and Parole in Louisville, KY, enthusiasm is contagious. ... Today, the goals of modern corrections systems are to protect law-abiding citizens, to rehabilitate offenders, and to help them adjust to community and re-integrate t...

  • Word Count: 1772
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

6. Empirical research

At the first interview they were asked about demographic and personal history information as well as detailed information on drug use and crime patterns. ... First, they would not ask the offender about information on there demographics and criminal history before there arrest because it would not have changed from the first interview. ... In addition to the interviews, the people performing the study would also examine official records recorded by each of the offender's parole officer. 3) Researchers compared the data they had collected from the first interview to the information ...

  • Word Count: 646
  • Approx Pages: 3
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7. History of Criminal Justice System

Brain was already on probation for possessing child pornography. His parents decided to tell his probation officer about the diary hoping that his probation would be revoked for a year or two and he would be able to receive intensive sex offender treatment in an institution. ... Correction After conviction and sentencing, the offender enters the correctional system. ... The most common correctional treatment, probation, is a legal deposition that allows the convicted offender to remain in the community, subject to conditions imposed by court order, under the supervision of a probation ...

  • Word Count: 2061
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. "The Rationale for the Use of Imprisonment as a Last Resort

Throughout history societies have attempted to manage and control their deviant populations. ... Decarceration embodies the general notions of crime prevention, punishment or control outside custodial institutions and involves innovations such as probation, an order made by courts requiring the offender to "report on a regular basis to a prison officer for supervision and guidance (Biles 1979, p.10) parole, a method of releasing prisoners before the end of their sentence and requiring them to report to parole officers in the same way as probation (Biles 1979, p.10). Probation and parole are ...

  • Word Count: 2402
  • Approx Pages: 10
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

9. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND THE SYSTEM

Juvenile Delinquency & the System Probation and Parole In The United States Table of Contents I. ... History of the Juvenile Justice System ." ..4-5 III. ... Juvenile Probation .10-11 VII. ... My paper will be discussing the history of the juvenile justice system and its process up to the parole and probation During the 1700's, one of the earliest private agencies in London to become interested in retrieving delinquent boys was the Marine Society. ... Similarities  Police officers, judges, and correctional personne...

  • Word Count: 2997
  • Approx Pages: 12
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