These welfare officers were in fact the first personnel managers. This initiative was voluntary as the companies did not have any legal obligation to provide these benefits. Quaker owned companies such as Cadbury in the U.K and Maguire in Ireland led the trend. The movement reached its highest point during World War 1 due to a demand for increased production. The depression that followed, however, resulted in large-scale unemployment and many of the welfare officers were let go. Attitudes had already begun to change though.
Scientific Management:.
The next influence on how people were managed came in the form of scientific management resulting from greater company size, complexity and use of technology. The focus was moving away from caring' towards efficiency and profitability'. In an effort to organise work activities more effectively F.W. Taylor decided there was "one best way- to approach every job. He analysed the job and broke it down into several components, this became known as job specialisation and resulted in the personnel role becoming firmly established. The specialist personnel role grew in the form of recruitment, payment systems, basic training, and personnel administration (i.e., record keeping). However, even though scientific management increased efficiency, it did little for employee morale.
Behavioural Science:.
The research of philosophers such as Elton Mayo in the 1930's and 1940's indicates that the way people felt about their jobs influenced how they carried out their work. For the first time it was acknowledged that performance could be affected by concepts such as motivation, job satisfaction, group dynamics, and leadership styles. More importantly, it recognised the fact that there were differences among workers and acknowledged the need for flexible approaches to people management. Early motivation theories such as maslow's hierarchy of needs and McGregor's theory X and theory Y show how employees have various needs that have to be fulfilled in order for them to be motivated.
From seven a.m. in the morning till eleven p.m. there are always cash registers to be run, and cashiers to be managed. So therefore there must be managers to manage the cashiers. The mere difference between these managers is how they choose to see their employees in their working environment. In ...
This article is associated with Maslow's Need-Hierarchy Theory. ... Constantly changing job assignments would create more job opportunities, which exercises the Theory of Expectancy. ... Learning these It is obvious to see that not only does Wagner's theory and ideas work, but they work well. ...
Salary Management: Who Needs It? Salary management, in a nutshell, is limits a league puts on teams regarding how much they can pay their athletes. Salary management ideas have been around since the early 1980's. These ideas have been greatly disputed between players, owners, and league offici...
