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Council of Nicea


            
             For centuries, Christians have wrestled with one of the most central questions of our faith: in what sense is Christ God? This was precisely the question which theologians wrestled with centuries ago at the Council of Nicea. A constant struggle between orthodoxy and heresy, the politics and religion surrounding this significant event are tremendously fascinating and inspiring. It proves that the truth will always stand contra mundum--"against the world.".
             During the third century, Christians began to speculate as to the nature of Christ's Divinity. A problem arose: "How could Christ be begotten of God, yet co-eternal with God? And if not eternal, was He very God at all?" (Cowan 26). Two heresies arose in response to this question: a) that Christ was merely a man whom the Spirit gave divine power, and b) that Christ was God, but not distinct from the Father. The latter came to be known as Sabellianism. In response to these heresies, the Christian philosopher Origen proposed a solution that he called "eternal generation." He claimed that Christ's begetting does not refer to a specific event in time (implying a previous non-existence), but is descriptive of the eternal Father-Son relationship. Origen thereby secured Christ's Divinity as his doctrine of eternal generation was widely accepted (Cowan 27).
             During the next century, the political and religious atmosphere of the Roman Empire changed greatly. After several major battles and a succession of emperors, Emperor Constantine legalized Christianity in 312. Because the persecution ended, Christianity began taking shape: to a degree a church hierarchy was in place and the Christians were able to stop and wrestle through difficult theological issues. .
             When Origen proposed he idea of eternal generation, he seemed more worried about preserving Christ's divinity than he did about maintaining the unity of the Godhead. According to historian Henry Cowan, Origen even spoke of Christ as a second or subordinate god.


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