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Adipose Tissue Mitochondria - Functionally Thermogenic

            Studying the process of thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue compared to that of normal brown adipose tissue is important because thermogenesis is a process where heat is produced in warm-blooded mammals. The issue of thermogenesis in beige or brown adipose tissue is inherently relevant to humans because this process aids in keeping the human body warm and in the assistance of weight loss. In the human body there are two different types of thermogenesis including shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis. In shivering thermogenesis ATP is converted into energy, which consequently gives off heat. Most relevant to the study is non-shivering thermogenesis. Non-shivering thermogenesis occurs within the brown adipose tissue. This method of thermogenesis uses the protein UCP1 to move electrons down the mitochondrial gradient and give off heat in the form of energy created from ATP (Cheng et al, 2013). UCP1 is the uncoupling protein often found in brown adipose tissue used in non-shivering thermogenesis. UPC1 proteins allow hydrogens to passively diffuse into the mitochondrial matrix thus generating heat (Astrid et al, 2014). The authors of the study are interested in determining whether the amount of UCP1 in white adipose tissue is enough to initiate the process of thermogenesis as sufficiently as in the normal brown adipose tissue where most thermogenesis takes place. .
             In order to measure the difference in thermogenesis between the brite adipose tissue and the normal brown adipose tissue the researchers exposed mice to a control state of 30 degrees Celsius as well as a cold temperature state of 4 degrees Celsius for a time period of 4 to 5 weeks. Multiple substrates were also added to the brite adipose tissue to test their ability to increase the UCP1 activity to generate thermogenesis. The mice were exposed to the different environments until a final state of acclimation had been reached.


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