Professor Robert Rosenthal and Professor Lenore Jackson conducted one of the most famous psychological projects of the 60's, which was the research on teacher expectations in the classrooms. The research was conducted in its natural environment - the classrooms. They initially performed a TOGA (Test of General Ability) test on all the students at the elementary school. These tests consist of two components: "verbal" and "reasoning". The "reasoning" section measured the children's concept formation ability by making use of line drawings. The "verbal" portion measured the children's level of information, vocabulary, and concepts. These tests, created by Flanagan, were created to provide a fair measure of intelligence for all the students. The TOGA tests were given to all student in the first six grades, within these six grades there were three classrooms each, separated by below average, average, and above average level of scholastic achievement. Thereafter Rosenthal and Jacobson assigned 20 percent of student population to the experimental condition, and the names of these children were provided to the teachers. The experimental condition was that this 20 percent of the student population demonstrated above intellectual potential. But in reality, this 20 percent of the population was randomly picked out of a hat, so it was a mixture of the below average, average and above average intellect. For all six grades, the students believed by the teachers to have above academic intellect actually proved to show greater IQ scores than the rest of the students. After the students were re-tested, it was unclear as to whether or not the teacher's behaviour towards the experimental students had caused them to gain substantial IQ. Eight months later, Rosenthal and Jacobson re-administered the TOGA test on three classes. The tests were conducted by external administrators, and had no knowledge as to which students were participating in the experimental condition.
