Life began about 3.6 billion years ago. Up until about 1 billion years ago organisms produced asexually (or without sex) by dividing, which meant they basically copied their own genetics with little variations. When scientists began to see evidence of sexual reproduction is also when they began to notice much more complex organisms. This is also where evolution began to be present because with the beginning of genetic variation is the only way for evolutionary changes to be altered; due to a combination of two parent genes coming together to form an entirely different offspring. Most evolutionary change is believed to have arose only within the last 30 percent of life’s history. This is attributed to genetic variation in several ways. The alleles (or variantes of a gene which code for different expressions of a trait) is what each individual has a pair of. In many cases the recessive (dominant) alleleis the one which holds physical ground appearing in an individuals phenotype. Although, there are also several relationships which are codominant where both allele are expressed in the phenotype. For example a humans ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is controlled by the T ge
Humans usually never have trouble telling the sex of a person simply by looking at them. It is when cultural systems arise the roles that males and females are given become different. This is called gender. The differences include aspects such as economic activities, political power, and simply expected norms of behavior. Each culture assigns roles or titles under these divisions, and depending on your culture is what your norm is. This idea of cultural classification is called folk taxonomy. For example in the American culture we believe disease is caused by genetics, bacteria, virus, drugs, and so on. The people of the Fore (farmers from Bew Gineau) believe it is a curse of some sort. Many times people ignore thier folk taxonomy, such as gays and lesbians, and go outside the norm of thier gender roles. They are accepted very much in many societies; while in others they are frowned upon. This is just another aspect of differnces among cultures.
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