Management as a self-conscious activity is a creation of the nineteenth century although systematic consideration of the elements that constitute it can certainly be dated to the late eighteenth century. Richard L. Daft (2000, p.g.7) described Management as “The attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading and controlling organizational resources.”
Richard L. Daft (2000, p.g.45) defined that “The classical perspective on management emerged during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that emphasized a rational, scientific approach to the study of management and sought to make organizations efficient operating machines.” This perspective contains three subfields, each with a slightly different emphasis: scientific management – Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 – 1915), bureaucratic organizations – Max Weber (1864 – 1920) and administrative principles – Henri Fayol (1841 – 1925).
Richard L. Daft (2000, p.g.47) defined that “Scientific management emphasized scientifically determined changes in management practices as the solution to improving labor pro
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