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Central Dogma |
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What is Central Dogma? That is a question that we tackle in this essay. First, we start with the basics of it. Many theories have been developed from the research of this DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. One of them is Central Dogma. It first starts with the finding that the genetic information found in chromosomes is located on the DNA, and not the protein, as McCarty and MacLoed announced to the public in 1944. It was then also backed by the E. Coli experiment made by Hershey and Chase. Then chemist Erwin Chargaff discovered that the %’s of DNA were equalities of A = T and G = C, which are now known as Chargaff’s rules, which was then explained by the discovery of the double helix by Francis Crick and James Watson. There double helix creation not only explained Chargaff’s findings but it also suggested the basic mechanism of DNA replication, which is the big part of Central Dogma. Because of the double helix, it can separate into to DNA strands, and “new” nucleotides then match up with there corresponding nucleotide (T with A and G with C). These nucleotides then are connected to form the sugar-phosphate backbones, and are completely identical to the “old” double helix DNA strands.
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Below are additional random excerpts from the paper...
This is now known as the semiconservative model, which differs from the conservative model who suggests that the parent remains completely intact and the dispersive model, who states that all four strands of DNA, after the double helix is replicated, have a mixture of old and new DNA. However, the semiconservative model was proven to be correct by Stahl and Meselson and seems like the basic principle we all wanted, but there is more to DNA replication.
mRNA then moves on to translation, where it becomes a protein in three stages. First stage is Initiation. mRNA is interpreted by tRNA, who has less anticodons but still work because of the base-pairing rule of wobble, which transfer the cytoplasm’s amino acid pool to a ribosome. In the ribosome, the anticodons then bond to the codon on the mRNA, slowly forming a chain called a polypeptide. This does not happen before the amino acids are joined to the correct tRNA by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. In the coupling of anticodons and codons, rRNA helps out in the process by base-pairing with a specific sequence of nucleotides within the mRNA leader by initiation factors. Second stage is elongation when a peptide bond forms and translocation of codons, which require energy, but is needed to move the ribosome and mRNA relative to each other, unidirectionally. The third and final stage is termination, wh
Some topics in this essay:
Stahl Meselson,
Central Dogma,
Erwin Chargaff,
James Watson,
McCarty MacLoed,
dna replication,
double helix,
central dogma,
dna strands,
dna strand,
replication fork,
replication dna,
Hershey Chase,
dna replication dna,
semiconservative model,
dna polymerase,
stop codon site,
stop codon,
double helix dna,
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Approximate Word count = 926
Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page double spaced)  |
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