body of governmental regulations to address concerns about

the environment and energy security. Many of these regulations

have been aimed at minimizing the environmental

impact of the automobile. Most regulations have focused on

the automobile and have resulted in automotive technology

which significantly reduces vehicle emissions compared to

pre-control levels. In fact, compared to pre-control era automobiles,

carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) tailpipe

emissions have been reduced by 96%, while emissions of

oxides of nitrogen (NOx) have been reduced by 76%.

With this type of progress already achieved via automotive

technology, it was apparent that if further gains were to be

made, it would be necessary to focus on cleaning up the fuels

Of course, compositional change to gasoline is not

something new. Refiners have, over the years, altered the

composition of gasoline in response to technological advancements

and changes in demand for end use products.

However recent compositional changes have been, and will

continue to be, driven by environmental considerations.

The first such change was the wide-scale introduction of

opinion on what type of fuel to use and on the selection of

on the problems of scientists and engineers, it is

technician to obtain factual information on these topics. Only

have also added a chapter on the use of these fuels in power

technician for fuel related advice. Consumers seek their

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