Conjugal Roles
Conjugal roles are the positions that the husband and wife occupy in the home, the parts they play. In the past these parts were very different and in the first half of the century the roles of the husband and wife were found to be very much segregated. There was a clear-cut division of labour between them in the household and the husband was relatively uninvolved with domestic chores and raising the children, which was thought to be the wife’s job whereas his was to be the breadwinner. This was apparent in working class areas in the first half of the century. In the mid 50’s Willmott & Young conducted a study entitles ‘Family and Kinship in East London’; it was conducted in Bethnal Green, a long settled traditional working-class area. They found there was a close tie between female relatives with two out of three married people having parents living within two or three miles of them. In comparison to the strong tie between mother and her married daughter the conjugal bond between husband and wife was found to be relatively weak, Women created an ‘informal trade union’ which largely excluded men. Willmott & Young claim that ‘Husbands were often squeezed out of the warmth of the female circle and took to the pub as th
However Willmott & Young’s study was disputed by Ann Oakley who claimed that the symmetrical family was a myth. She said that Willmott & Young’s book showed male ideology and wasn’t a true picture of what was happening. She argues that Willmott & Young’s data was quantitative and so lacking in depth, one such question was ‘Do you/does your husband help at least once a week with any household jobs like washing up, making beds, helping with children, ironing, cooking or cleaning?’ from this question Willmott & Young concluded that 72% of men helped in the home however although this figure sounds impressive men who do a very small amount of household jobs, perhaps just iron one pair of trousers in a week would be classed as helping in the home by Willmott & Young. That clearly isn’t a suitable contribution in order for the claim that the family is symmetrical to be made, for Willmott & Young to make such a substantial claim much more detailed interviewing should have occurred and some qualitative data gained. Oakley’s own research produced a completely different picture to that of Willmott & Young’s; she interviewed 40 housewives, using unstructured interviews to gain quantitative data and so to give a fuller picture. Oakley found that women complete nearly all of the housework, often working as many as 77 hours a week and where men did help, if at all, it was usually related to childcare. She argued that women were oppressed through their role and that their role was classed as non-work, had little status and was economically dependant on men.
Some topics in this essay:
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Warde Hetherington,
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Bethnal Green,
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Approximate Word count = 1239
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)
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