Within half a century of the Prophet's death, Islam had spread to three continents, Asia, Africa and Europe. Over the next few centuries, this Empire continued to expand and Islam gradually became the chosen faith of the majority of its inhabitants. Among the reaso

As Muslim civilization developed, it absorbed the heritage of ancient civilizations like Egypt, Persia and Greece, whose learning was preserved in the libraries and with the scholars of its cities. Some Muslim scholars turned their attention to these centers of learning and sought to

acquaint them with the knowledge taught and cultivated in them. They, therefore, set about with a concerted effort to translate the philosophical and scientific works available to them, not only from the Greek and Syrian languages (the languages of eastern Christian scholars), but also from Pahlavi, the scholarly language of pre-Islamic Persia, and even from Sanskrit, an ancient Indian language. In the early days of Islam, the extension of Islamic rule was based on an uncom

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