Throughout Ray & Simons study a clear symbolic interactionst perspective arises as the focus on the individual account of events are examined. These are looked at not only within the microcosmic world, but also the larger macrocosmic order and how it is implicit in the process of self-labeling. Of particular interest was the vocabulary employed by the participants in defining their motives. Interviews were conducted with twenty-four individuals of differing backgrounds all deriving from largely rural communities in mid west United States, and all of whom share a homicide or manslaughter conviction. Six of the participants gave reasons that they felt justified their behavior while the vast majority, 18 out of the 24 gave accounts that they felt partially excused their violent action, such as intoxication and ‘sad stories’. Ray & Simons argue the individuals who cited self defense as a cause for their violent behavior are clearly demonstrating a commitment to conventional behavior rather than the norms of a violent subculture. By employing this language, they have imagined themselves in other social roles, which therefore are dependant on the actor’s capacity for internal conversation. These internal conversations ar
Throughout the study, Ray & Simons found that many of the individuals were unemployed or underemployed existing on low incomes at the time of their crime. In most cases they came from impoverished backgrounds and as such, suffered many of the recognized consequences like poor housing, periodic unemployment and financial concerns. Therefore it is argued that social class did appear to be an important predisposing structural factor. This borrows from the Marxist approach that views working class crime, in most cases arriving out of poverty, while also adopting the symbolic interactionst theory by examining and highlighting the process by which one arrives at a situation.
This is clearly a symbolic interactionist perspective as the vocabulary adopted for motive is consistent with the social meaning, which derives from a constant process of symbolic communication between actors. Therefore, the actors self perception and that of the event, are located within the micro world but also through broader social relationships in the macro, as shared meaning and it’s symbols are the backdrop to social relations.
e an important part of the self-labeling process, not only for those individuals who claimed self-defence but also the remaining participants who felt they could not be held fully responsible due to substance abuse or emotional issues. If the actor can imagine that others would excuse or deem they’
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