1. Criminology
Before even attempting to approach the question "How might the notion of "the self" be interpreted in criminological research?" I thought it was important to define what is here meant by "criminological research".
Often, people view the study of Deviance and Criminology synonymously. Though the two are related, they are not the same. Yes, those who commit crimes (criminals), are considered deviant by those who do not commit crimes. Yet, the members of any given "criminal" subculture (i.e. gangs, organized crime etc.) do not necessarily consider themselves deviant, rather it is their way of life, just as the law-abiding citizens consider their own behaviour to be just and normal. Whether or not a criminal is considered a deviant is a matter of perspective. To the criminal, committing crimes is usually seen as normal whereas this type of activity is considered deviant to the non-criminal (Young, 1999). As we will see below, this is often also the core of the discussion we will meet in our search of "How the notion of "the self" might be interpreted in criminological research?" Therefore, in this context, "criminological research" is to be viewed as concerning both crime and deviance.
There are two main schools of thought in defining and understanding deviance; Deviance as Objective Reality and Deviance as Subjective Experience.
By viewing deviance as objectively real, one is adopting a positivistic stance of deviance. Positivistic approaches tend to look for actual causes of deviance focusing on either the existing social structural, socio-cultural, or socialization conditions that brought about the deviant act. This approach has also searched for the causes of deviance at the physiological and psychological level of the individual who engages in deviant behaviour, in other words, trying to find out what is wrong with such an individual (Downes & Rock, 2003).
However, in considering how the notion of "the self" might be interpreted in criminological research, our main focus will be on Deviance as Subjective Experience.
In this essay I will discuss the development of criminological thought through the nineteenth century. ... The nineteenth century was really a huge jump for the development of criminological thought; it "is referred to as modern criminology" (Asian best network marketing mlm opportunity mail). ... "Astronomers had used the law of error to gain accurate measurement of phenomena in the physical Modern Criminology 3 world" (Adolphe Quetelet). ... Guerry and Quetelet teamed forces and formed the "statistical school of criminology" (Frank Schmalleger, Rebecca Volk, 2001, 43). ... By using social...
Being able to think theoretically during research is important in order to create valid statements. ... Understanding the complexity of society in terms of all the institutions, contexts, and interpretations and how all these are related is an important milestone in the study of criminology; to further study in criminology one needs to accept the fact that everything in society is related to the criminological field. ... People tend to disregard this facet of criminological issues and solely focus in on definite theories to define their behaviors. ... We need to use a process of connecting a...
Theory links up the research and the problem, which is examined in the research. Theory allows the researchers a streamline of action. ... Finally, the Classical School of Criminology stresses that the punishment should fit the crime committed. ... In the nineteenth century, School of Positive Criminology was the direct result of scientific research introduced in Europe. ... Comte called this final stage as "positive stage" coining the "Positive School of Criminology" after it. ...
It is hard to relate the way of research to actual crime figures. ... The Australian Institute of Criminology has released a new study, which shows the rate of gun-related murders and robberies has fallen sharply since 1996, and it appears to be due to the Government's massive buy-back of weapons. ... The research is being presented at the Australian and New Zealand Society of Criminology conference in Brisbane. ... Professor Reuter, who works at the University of Maryland's, Department of Criminology, says the gun buy-back definitely passes the test. ...
Akers apply this theory to criminology with their own social learning theory. ... There were small but significant problems faced by these researchers during this study. ... Partially, researchers expected this. ... Criminological theory in the digital age: The case of social learning theory and digital piracy, written by Robert G. ... The researchers faced three major limitations during the study. ...
Assignment Critically evaluate the usefulness of contemporary criminological theory for an understanding of crimes of violence. Response This paper will look at some crimes of violence, and it will evaluate how contemporary criminological theory is useful or how in some cases it is not useful towards crimes of violence. Some theories will be discussed, such as positivist and biological theory, also different types of violence will be evaluated such as structural, institutional and interpersonal violence, and how contemporary criminology deals with them. The paper will then end with a conclu...
To help us understand crime, researchers such as biologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, criminologists, and sociologists have come together to develop different theories to explain this complex field. ... For this reason, experts developed different theories linked to criminology. ... The rational choice theory sprang from the classical criminology that emphasizes on free will and individual choice as the root of crime. ... Contemporary biosocial researchers, on the other hand, stress the interaction between the biological influences and the surrounding social and physical environments. .....
Abstract This research proposal suggests a multi-faceted approach to the issue of genetically modified organisms and the intimately linked controversy surrounding GM crops. ... This research is important because it will look at evidence touted by both sides of the argument, and test their conclusions for causality and empirical validity. ... Using a foundation based on green criminology, the potential case against major players in the biotechnological industry, such as Monsanto, will be explored. Literature Review Research into the prospect of transgenic crops has been an ongoing project for ...