... (872). It is "good in-itself." If I bake John a cake out of generosity and it makes him fat, that does not mean my original will was bad. Furthermore, if I have the desire to bake him a cake, but no means to do so, my intentions were not wrong despite the consequence of not producing a cake. The good intent determined the morality of ... the action and not the result. In his essay, Kant further argues that one's will is only good if someone is ... will or intent, then we start to treat humanity as an end. A great example would be shopping. I run to the store because I need a new pair o...

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... overcharge a child. However, if he is only doing this to conform to the law and not for the sake of the law, then his will is not good. Because he has his own selfish purposes, the "duty" he performs is not sufficient. There is a clear moral difference between the shopkeeper who does it for his own advantage to keep from offending his customers ... or provide a benefit. However, Kant disagrees. An outcome or goal cannot be unconditionally good. Wealth is something that can easily be misused and what we think is beneficial can create more harm. Hoping to achieve some sort of goal, no mat...

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"His thought. Thomas combined Aristotle's teachings with Christian doctrine. For example, Thomas argued that no conflict exists between reason and faith. Philosophy is based on reason, he declared, and theology comes from faith in divine revelation, yet both come from God. So Thomas believed that any differences between divine revelation and the conclusions of philosophy result from faulty reasoning. He also maintained that reason can ... of courage is the mean between the vices of cowardice at one extreme and foolhardiness at the other. Similarly, the virtue of generosity is the mean between...

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... of the conference hall where our free counseling sessions were about to begin, my head dropped and my face gloomed much like all the others. They were all lost, lost in the crazy town, San Francisco. Trying to grasp the realization that our charity program no longer had the donations necessary to keep our doors ... desk. My fingers silently rubbed my foot, annoyed at the intrusive object that lay in my path. Rather quickly I poured my second cup of coffee then settled down among paper work, snapping the briefcase open. I couldn't help but gasp out loud, as steel blue eyes gazed over th...

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... Human Understanding," presents the concept of Tabula Rasa or blank slate, which states that the human mind receives knowledge through the experience without any pre-existing innate ideas when they were born. In Mark Twain's "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn," the notion of Tabula Rasa can be seen through Huck's character. Huck shows that his experiences have guided him through the ... his death, but this horrific experience also traumatize Huck. In the events that Huck and Jim continue their journey towards free states, there are times that they steal food from the nearby towns. His r...

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... integrity? Is it possible to have qualities of both? According to Stephen Carter's article "The Insufficiency of Honesty" there is a big difference between honesty and integrity. Any person can be honest and completely lack integrity. An example used by Carter, is where a man who is on his deathbed confesses to his ... another character in the movie was not so obviously clear. Clifford, an aspiring director with no job, a struggling marriage and a niece that looks up to him in many ways seems to be lacking both honesty and integrity in most cases as well. Though throughout the movie, he...

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... he lived. He believed that the crimes he committed were not necessarily crimes, but a way he could better humanity. By killing the pawnbroker, and consequently, her sister, he felt that there would be no more stealing from the poor, from people like him ... in the category of being an extraordinary man. He believed that since the pawnbroker does not contribute anything for society and makes money off of the poor, she should be killed. McKenna states that, "Raskolnikov put his theory to work ... by taking an ax to an old widow to whom he had pawned most of his valuables; after killing an...

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... what keep communities, cities, states, and nations in tact. Governments are held in high esteem in prosperous, working societies. Laws provide structure in society, but not everyone can be held within its boundaries. There are times when the justice of laws is questioned. What then becomes the right thing to do when ... facing an unjust law? Does one adhere to social standards, or pursue his or her convinced conscience? Each of these situations surface in the works of two ancient Greek writers. In Plato's Apology and ... the Greek "polis". The polis, or city-state, was an ideally auton...

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... deteriorating what little is left of moral values. "I could not believe my eyes when I saw Married by America, the viewers were left to choose two strangers and marry them within a few months," Twenty-nine-year old Joseph Apresa commented. These shows may seem entertaining but what is not being ... that are watching these Reality Shows. Joseph explained, "parents don't monitor what there children watch on TV, therefore these children are growing up thinking what they watch is the way life should be handled." Since parents are no longer supervising these programs, the television is raisi...

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... beatific vision. From such a viewpoint, Aquinas deduced five primary precepts that he felt needed to be adhered to in order to "do good and avoid evil." These were self-preservation, reproduction, education, living in society, and worshipping God. It is the narrow nature of these precepts that present one of the initial problems encountered when applying natural moral law to business ethics ... fulfil the "human purpose," "they have been established as a means of providing a service that generates profit." If businesses were forced to create secondary precepts that promote such particula...

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... to be ethical when acting immorally. This is apparent in anybody that does something just because they are raised that way. For example, if you were raised to offer the last cookie on the plate to someone else even though you wanted it. You might not understand why, but you do it ... one. Defining the difference between open and closed minds might seem a little easier then it really is. Nobody can be completely opened minded, it is not possible. Everyone is biased to some extent, it is only human nature. There is always some idea that someone is biased about and no matter what they say, ...

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... or you can shoot one and others will be saved. By utilitarianism principles it is better to take the second choice because that is the action which will cause minimum unhappiness, but then if you do shoot the one Indian we can say that you were directly responsible for his death ... , which gives you more responsibility. Either you shoot one and the rest are happy that they survived but you are directly ... be the least unhappiness caused, one person's death is better than 10 deaths. Another major problem with utilitarianism is that it's a consequentialist theory and there are no rights ...

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... '. 'The formula of the Law of Nature' outlines that moral laws must be applied in all situations and all rational beings universally, without exception. If an action is right/wrong for me then it's right/wrong for all other people. Secondly, 'Act that you treat humanity, both in your ... treat people as a means to an end. Lastly, we should "Act as if you were through your maxim a law-making member of a Kingdom of Ends. You are a law making member of the Kingdom of Ends and so, everyone should act as if they are a law making member." Therefore, by acting ... is an unavoidable pa...

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... it (Singer 836)." Consequently, John Arthur argues that we have rights in "World Hunger and Moral Obligation." Arthur explains, "It seems to me, then, that a reasonable code would require people to help when there is no substantial cost to themselves, that is, when what they are sacrificing would not mean significant ... character. The consequences of not sending food to starving people are the same as sending them poisoned food. Basically, he feels that there is no excuse for people to not aid those in real need of help. Singer feels that we should be preventing as much suffering as ...

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... , is it ethical? Is it ethical for players to get paid for their performance? Is it ethical for only specific players to receive cash from boosters and other people? This refers to the ethical responsibility of doing what is right no matter what the cost is, literally. It should not matter if a player for a team is the best player in the nation ... a search warrant. During the search, they found more than one hundred grams of marijuana, unspecified quantities of alporazolam, ephedrine and the anabolic steroid stanozolol. There were several plastic bags, a digital scale and more than $1,0...

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... system. These ratings were derived to ensure that movies are age appropriate according to society. A movie rated 'G'" for general audience speaks for its self. It can be viewed by generally anyone. This rating became known in 1968 according to Motion Picture Association of America. There may be a ... feel is inappropriate, this one thing could be something that the person next to you feels is completely appropriate. Then there the rating 'PG'" this movie suggest that there should be some Parental Guidance. This rating sends the message that a parent may want to view this before letting ....

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... personal decisions that each manager must make. They"re also dilemmas that were created by the organization in which they work though the decision they make can cause more perpetuating problems for their career and the company they work for than good. I will start each case discussing the professional dilemma and then discuss a possible resolution to each case. These cases are generic in ... also my supervisor. While the agency was in the process of downsizing and, restructuring he recognized the company had violated their ethics policy. Hartford has a policy of retaining temporary emp...

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... same way every time. Yes being consistent is very important in making sure that you are being fair, no matter what the situation brings to you. Caring: If you were alone in this world, there would be no need for ethics, and your heart could be as cold and as hard as a stone. But that is the farthest from the truth, we are not alone in ... , challenging authority, has a take, take attitude, feels that society owes them everything. I look at these values and personally I do not see where we should make any changes. Society as a whole would be better off if everyone believed in an ethical s...

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... to be the start of history. They started in the Garden of Eden. This garden was their home. They were in nature as the fetus is in the womb of the mother (2). They were human, and at the same time not yet human (2). Their lives as humans was believed to have started by the first act of disobedience. This bond broke their connection ... . Another example given, is when Prometheus stole fire from the gods, laying the foundation for the evolution of man (4). If Prometheus had not disobeyed there would be no human history. When he was punished he refused to repent and confess his sins. On th...

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... , I will be examining the decisions behind this case as to why it was kept a secret from so many. I will also be introducing and analyzing the view of utilitarianism in relation to the situation and choices involved. Later I will present, and then defend, my argument to ultimately reach the conclusion that a utilitarian's view of the Penn State child abuse scandal should be rejected. My paper ... their knowledge of these sexual abuse incidents brings about the issue as to why. Why did they not act on these gruesome happenings? I argue that there should be no reason, no matter the situati...

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... the spontaneous will to take an action - it is already its principle. Adopting the maxim of self-love is surrendering the position of spontaneity, and does require an action. And it is an action for which there could be no reason. Thus, not only are the two options not on a footing, but the choice of the maxim of self-love over that of morality ... imperative), we are entitled to expect that it determine the principles of morality uniquely. Since, if it leaves multiple incompatible sets of maxims open (we will have no basis for choosing among them), then there being no other principles ...

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... moral values would have been built up from when you were small and may change along the way. This explains how diverse different people's morals are and why so many of them conflict with each other. This prompts the question, are there universal morals? Are there a set of values that are considered morally correct all ... that come with knowledge can be very dangerous if we do not consider our ethical responsibilities. Imagine how safe you would feel if a certain person with no morals gained valuable knowledge that could threaten the existence of millions of people. For example, if a mad...

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... Confucius dealt with a lot of the same moral dilemmas that were confronted by Jesus. The societies in which these two very different people lived were at an infantile stage of development as far as understanding the world and oneself. There were unjust leaders and uneducated people. Today people are more inclined to solve their differences rationally. There is better education but the leaders are still repressive. The ... think that Confucianism is not a religion. To understand this point, the question is, "what is a religion?" There is no easy definition of a religion but it is clear t...

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... are ones that are clearly visible than others. Franklin values his virtues of resolution and silence; it seems that even today that contemporary Americans still practice these ways of living by following Franklin's example. To understand this, we will first look at how Franklin practiced his virtues then look at how these virtues are exercised in America today. Franklin's virtue of resolution ... . Because Franklin is a perfectionist, he centers his work on doing what is best. Silence may be one of the smartest virtues he comes up with. Without talk or "trifling conversation," there is n...

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... of citizens, although he assumes that in most cases double privilege of birth and education would lead to superiority of guards' children over the children from other strata. If there were a more adequate science of administration, and if there were more confidence that the people would follow its guidelines, there would be much in favour of Plato's system. In his book, Bertrand Russell makes the following analogy ... when everyone did his own work. But what is person's individual work? In the state that remains changeless from generation to generation, one's work is the work of his fat...

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